https://www.biolscigroup.us/journals/journal-of-clinical-microbiology-and-biochemical-technology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 17 Mar, 2026 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-12-161.php 28 Jan, 2026 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-12-160.php The article presents methods for obtaining sulfur-35 radionuclide without a carrier from neutron-irradiated potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and carbon tetrachloride. The methods of irradiation of targets from chlorine-containing compounds with thermal neutrons in the vertical channel of the WWR-SM reactor, methods of processing irradiated targets, and the extraction of sulfur-35 without a carrier are presented. The highest yield of sulfur-35 activity per 1 g of chlorine-containing compound (3.312 Ci/g) is achieved by irradiating CCl4 targets under the following conditions: thermal neutron flux density is 1·1014 n/cm2sec, irradiation time is 2000 hours, nominal reactor power is 10 MW, and irradiation of a quartz ampoule with the target in a vertical reactor channel with mandatory cooling of the target with running first loop water. The isolation of sulfur-35 without a carrier from irradiated carbon tetrachloride was carried out using the water extraction method, which is the simplest and does not require complex radiotechnological operations. 31 May, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-11-159.php Background and purpose: Candida auris is an emerging species of the Candida genus causing outbreaks of nosocomial infections worldwide. It is a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen causing disruption in healthcare settings as it quickly colonizes the surfaces in hospitals and ICUs and causes repeated infections. This report describes a case of C. auris fungemia from a tertiary care hospital in Central Delhi, India. Case report: Our patient is a 5-month-old male infant from the town of Allahabad, Northern India. Septic arthritis is treated by arthrotomy. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) developed as a secondary complication due to suspected pyonephrosis or vesicoureteral reflux. The patient was treated with Caspofungin. In this report, Candida auris was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and VITEK 2 (bioMérieux), from bloodstream infection in a patient with multiple underlying risk factors and COVID-19 positive. Candidemia was diagnosed with sepsis following prolonged hospitalization in spite of aggressive medical management. Conclusion: In conclusion, C. auris is a new multidrug-resistant pathogenic candida species, increasingly associated with nosocomial outbreaks and sporadic infections. This species is a concern for clinicians and microbiologists as they pose a major challenge during the management of the infection. The nosocomial spread can be controlled through proper disinfection, increasing awareness, early detection and appropriate anti-fungal susceptibility-guided treatment. 01 Oct, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-10-158.php Objective: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a critical microorganism that causes a range of infections with high morbidity and mortality rates, including skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis in both community and healthcare settings. The objective of this study was to ascertain the antimicrobial resistance rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates derived from a range of clinical samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of our hospital and to examine the resistance profile specific to our hospital. Methodology: The study included 229 S. aureus isolates collected between 2022 and 2023. The isolates were identified through the application of conventional methods and the MALDI-TOF-MS system (VITEK MS, bioMerieux France). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the BD Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickinson, USA) in accordance with the criteria set forth by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results: The MRSA rate in the one-year period was 25.77%. When the distribution of S. aureus isolates was analyzed, it was determined that blood cultures were the most common clinical specimens from which S. aureus was isolated. Resistance to glycopeptides and linezolid was determined in MRSA isolates, albeit at a low rate. No resistance to glycopeptide and linezolid was detected in MSSA isolates. MSSA isolates were found to have a more sensitive profile to other antibiotics than MRSA isolates. The highest resistance rate was detected against penicillin with 100% and 87.06% in MRSA and MSSA isolates, respectively. In addition, the most sensitive antibiotics were determined to be glycopeptide, linezolid, daptomycin, and aminoglycoside. Conclusion: In conclusion, knowing the resistance profiles of S. aureus isolates in our hospital, will guide empirical treatment. Furthermore, the implementation of effective infection control measures and a cautious approach to antibiotic use will contribute to the management of MRSA infections. 16 Aug, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-10-157.php The study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of phytochemicals in the extract of Justicia secunda (JS) on hyperglycaemia, the antioxidant status of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and inhibitory potential on two important diabetes mellitus-associated proteins-alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. At the same time to evaluate the anti-arthritic and antibacterial of the sample. The extract at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg was used to evaluate hyperglycaemia and antioxidants using the albino rats model. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood insulin concentration levels observed in the diabetic control group relative to normal control, while treated groups showed relatively normal concentration levels. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in blood glucose concentration levels was observed in the diabetic control group relative to the normal control. There was a reversal of the elevated blood glucose upon treatment with JS when compared to the diabetic control. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in all test groups relative to the diabetic control group. Glutathione (GSH) status, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase activities showed a significant increase in all test groups, relative to diabetic control. It was observed that 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and 3-amino-4-methoxybutyric acid are potential inhibitors of alpha-amylase while 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-propanone, 2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4-benzenediol, and 3-amino-4-methoxybutyric acid are potential inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase. Interestingly, phytochemicals in JS were shown to be a stable dual inhibitor of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Anti-arthritic potential values were ranged between 24.50-80.00%. The Zone of inhibition in the antibacterial assay was between 0.7-30.0 mm. Galvinoxyl and DPPH IC50 values of the extract were 50.0 µgml-1 each. The results of this study showed that the leaf of Justicia secunda possesses phytochemicals that significantly reduce blood glucose and ameliorate oxidative stress evidenced in diabetic rats. This plant may therefore serve as an excellent alternative therapy for the management of diabetes mellitus, arthritic and bacterial-related health problems and be formulated food or drug supplement. 13 May, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-10-156.php Bio-inspired synthesis of nanoparticles has received immense attention recently due to their vast applications in the biomedical field. Herein, a facile process using aqueous extracts of Lepidium sativum was used for the synthesis of nanosilver. The phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed characteristic silver surface plasmon absorption peaks at 420 and 440 nm for nanoparticles synthesized by Lepidium sativum seeds and leaves, respectively. Moreover, the spherical, non-aggregated nanoparticles exhibited a particle size of 150 nm and a zetapotential of -15.2 mv countering 111 nm and a zeta potential of -20 mv for those phytosynthesized by Lepidium sativum seeds and leave aqueous extract correspondingly. Both phytofabricated silver nanoparticles exhibited a potential antifungal effect against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.75 and 2.08 ppm and a promising cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with an IC­50 of 20.1 and 9.3 ppm for nanosilver phytosynthesized by seeds and leaves extracts respectively. The current work provided a simple, environmentally friendly approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with a potential anticandidal and cytotoxic action against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. However, more investigation is required to clarify their safety and precise mode of action. 22 Dec, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-9-155.php Chlorpyrifos, a broad-spectrum insecticide categorized within the organophosphate family, is recognized for its potent inhibition of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in the manifestation of cholinergic syndrome in humans. Beyond its well-established toxicity in the central nervous system, recent studies have explored additional pathways through which this pesticide may adversely impact human health. Breast cancer, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of epithelial cells in the mammary gland, stands as the most diagnosed cancer in women and is a leading global cause of female cancer-related deaths. Chlorpyrifos, extensively employed worldwide for pest control in agriculture, domestic settings, and industries, has notably faced recent bans in the European Union, marking a significant regulatory shift. This bibliographical review aims to unravel the intricate mechanisms by which chlorpyrifos may contribute to the development of breast cancer. Collating findings from human studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo research spanning the past decade, the review sheds light on chlorpyrifos as a potent endocrine disruptor. It influences female sex hormones, exhibits estrogenic effects on breast cancer cells, and induces alterations in breast tissue. Additionally, chlorpyrifos acts as an agonist of Estrogen Receptor α(ERα) and Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), contributing to cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and engaging epigenetic and angiogenic mechanisms. This comprehensive review underscores the compelling association between chlorpyrifos exposure and mammary cancer. It emphasizes the urgent need for further research on pesticide usage to mitigate potential adverse health consequences. 17 Nov, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-9-154.php Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens causing Urinary Tract infection is a serious public health concern in our clinical setting. A total of 200 catheter tips were collected from the different wards (medical, surgical, urology) at the Children’s Hospital Faisalabad. Samples were streaked on nutrient agar plates and the positivity of the samples was noted after 24 hours. Positive samples were processed further for the identification of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli using culture identification, microscopy, and biochemical profiling on the basis of culture characterization, microscopy, biochemical profiling, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. 76 (38%) of the samples showed growth on nutrient agar. In processed samples, the high prevalence was marked for P. aeruginosa (24/200; 12%) followed by E. coli (22/200; 11%) and S. aureus (19/200; 9.5%) while 11 K. pneumoniae isolates (5.5%) were identified in this study. In antibiotic susceptibility profiling of P. aeruginosa, the highest susceptibility was found for colistin (100%) and imipenem (70.83%) followed by gentamicin (54.17%) while the highest resistance was found for tobramycin (54.17%) followed by meropenem, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime (50%). Conclusion: Advance studies are needed to investigate the real investigations of bacterial contamination; resistance to treatment options and resistance to antibiotics are needed. 20 Oct, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-9-153.php Background: Microbial contamination of meat comes from external sources during cutting, handling, and processing of the meat. This study was carried out to assess the bacteriological qualities of meat and contact surfaces in markets in Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: This research involved the use of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) checklist to investigate the sanitation and hygiene practices of meat sellers and a laboratory study of red and white meat, water, and meat-contact surface samples. A total of 425 meat samples collected from 425 meat sellers from some randomly selected markets in Abia State were used for the study. There were also 20 water samples, 22 samples from table surfaces, 22 samples from knife surfaces, and 14 samples from transport vehicles. The multistage simple random sampling technique through balloting was employed to determine communities/markets for the study. Samples for the study were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques such as culturing and the bacteria were enumerated and identified using biochemical and chemical tests. Results: The prevalent bacterial isolates include Staphylococcus sp (78.80%), Bacillus sp (73.17%), Enterococcus sp (64.00%), Escherichia coli (62.11%), Salmonella sp (62.11%), Klebsiella sp (51.29%), Micrococcus sp (44.94%) and Campylobacter sp (43.52%). SPSS analysis using the one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in bacteria isolated from markets in the three Senatorial Zones of the State. Staphylococcus sp was isolated in 61.11% of the tables, 50.00% of vehicles, 41.67% of knives and 46.32% of water; Salmonella sp was isolated in 47.22% of the tables, 36.11% of vehicles, 30.56% of knives and 43.85% of water; Bacillus sp was isolated in 41.67% of the tables, 44.44% of vehicles, 33.33% of knives and 23.70% of water; Campylobacter sp was isolated in 27.78% of the tables, 25.00% of vehicles, 30.56% of knives and none in water. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in bacteria isolated from the contact surfaces and water from the markets in the three zones of the State. Conclusion: The bacteriological quality of meat in markets in Abia State could be said to be poor due to the isolation of Indicator bacteria such as E, coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter from the studied meat samples. The presence of E. coli in the studied meat samples is an indicator of feacal contamination and a red alert for the Public health sector. It is recommended that meat sellers undergo proper training and regularly update their knowledge of meat safety. 27 Jan, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-9-152.php Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (DAAT) is a genetic disorder that manifests as pulmonary emphysema, liver cirrhosis, and, rarely, as the skin disease panniculitis [1], but other rare skin manifestations had been described previously in literature [2]. Despite being one of the most frequent genetic diseases, professionals need high clinical suspicion for its diagnosis. 09 Nov, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-8-151.php Retroviruses replicate by means of reverse transcription, utilizing an enzyme, reverse transcriptase, in conjunction with integrase. Their elements have been found in humans, animals, fungi, plants, and bacteria alike. For millions of years, these elements are continuing to integrate into the eukaryotic genomes and affecting these organisms to date. Specifically, endogenous retroviruses have been shown to comprise a large portion of vertebrate genomes. Studies have shown that these microscopic viral elements within the genome are influencing gene expression and in turn evolution, by affecting adjacent gene expression patterns. In the medical field, these retroviruses can present illnesses for many, such as those living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Human T Cell Lymphotropic Viruses. With modern advances in bioinformatics, genomics, and drug design, retroviruses are being understood much better. A multitude of new discoveries is advancing the scientific communities to mitigate, prevent, and hopefully cure serious medical ailments caused by retroviruses. 16 Sep, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-8-150.php Intestinal microbiotas modulate multiple biochemical reactions and immune hemostasis of the host, numerous pieces of evidence have revealed that they are also tightly involved in the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. However,s which way local intestinal microbiota influences the activity of distant organs is still unknown. In this review, we highlighted the importance of metabolites produced by intestinal microbiotas which disorder prompted cytotoxic capability of adoptive γδT cells. The microbiota-metabolites-γδT cell axis is dominant in the antitumor immune response of adoptive γδT cell immunotherapy. 05 Jul, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-8-149.php Proteases are the most important industrial enzymes which have attracted enormous attention due to their vast variety and well-defined specificity. Microbial proteases are superior to other sources like plant and animal proteases because of their desired characteristics for biotechnological application. In this regard, Lysobacter enzymogenes is a rich source for the production of antibiotics and proteases. However, strain improvement in order to obtain overproduced microorganisms is always demanded at an industrial scale. Therefore, in the present study in order to enhance L. enzymogenes protease production, random mutagenesis was applied using N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) as a chemical mutagen. Random mutagenesis was conducted on L. enzymogenes suspension cultivated on nutrient broth using different concentrations of NTG (100, 150, and 200 µg/ml) for 20 and 40 minutes. The treated bacteria were cultivated on nutrient agar containing casein as a selective media. Primary and secondary screenings were performed by measuring the diameter of the casein hydrolysis zones in the isolated bacteria and the related supernatants, respectively. Finally, the unit of protease activity was quantified by Anson’s method of examining bacterial supernatants. Among the total of 30 isolated mutants, two mutants showed the highest level of extracellular proteolytic activity which showed 2.65 and 1.86 fold increments in contrast to the wild type, respectively. In general, the effect of mutagenesis by NTG can be emphasized to increase protease activity. 12 Jan, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-8-148.php Background: In aquatic environments, microbial biofilms are hot spots of microbial diversity, as well as a substrate for larval settlement of many invertebrate species. Examining the functional diversity of microorganisms in polar regions is a new and still unknown field of aquatic microbiology, that is attracting increasing interest for its significance in both scientific research and resources exploitation. The context and purpose of the study: In the framework of research aimed at studying microbial colonization occurring at Terra Nova Bay, culturable heterotrophic bacteria were quantified and characterized phenotypically at two study areas (Road Bay and Tethys Bay) with different environmental characteristics: the first one was close to Mario Zucchelli research station and impacted by anthropogenic pressure due to sewage wastes, while the second was exposed to salinity gradients due to glacier melting. In this context, artificial structures hosting plastic (polyvinyl chloride, PVC and polyethylene, PE) panels were deployed at -5 and -20m depths at each of the stations (one Impact and one Control) chosen per each study area. Water samples were contextually collected at the time of recovery of the plastic panels, namely after 12 months of deployment; at Road Bay, at the -5 m depth, a short-term experiment was also performed, with the recovery of the panels after 2.5 and 9 months of deployment. Bacterial strains were isolated in axenic culture both from water and biofilm matrices, and examined for their main phenotypical traits and functional diversity, through Gram staining, oxidase production, glucose fermentation and screened for enzymatic activity profiles (proteolytic, glycolytic and phosphatasic activities) using specific fluorogenic substrates. Results: Most of the bacterial isolates were Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and glucose-fermenting strains. Higher enzyme diversification was found in Road Bay at the site impacted by the sewage wastes from the research station, compared to the control site. A higher abundance of heterotrophic bacteria was detected on PVC compared to PE. Several pigmented strains, ascribable to Flavobacterium sp., were isolated from biofilm with respect to the ones isolated from the pelagic environment. Main findings: The screening of bacterial isolates for the production of hydrolytic enzymes revealed that proteolytic and phosphatase activities were a common metabolic trait of both water and biofilm-derived isolated. Microbes inhabiting Antarctica represent a very important and not completely known source of bioactive molecules with possibly multiple applications, from biomedicine to pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biodegradation, and so on. Conclusions: This is the first contribution to characterize phenotypically the bacteria colonizing the Ross Sea seabed in comparison with pelagic heterotrophic bacteria and to explore their metabolic abilities and the biotechnological potential of these microorganisms. The preliminary data regarding the metabolic profiles and composition of the microbial community have highlighted the plasticity of the microbial community, whose metabolism is modulated by the organic matter supplies found near the Mario Zucchelli Station. Brief summary: Heterotrophic bacteria in the waters and in the biofilm covering the surface of settlement panels in plastics deployed at sea for different time periods were studied in two bays of the Ross Sea, Road Bay and Tethys Bay. The main phenotypical characteristics of the bacterial isolates were examined. The production of hydrolytic enzymes makes microbial biofilms interesting sources of molecules with a potential applicative interest. Any potential implications: Bioprospecting research on polar microorganisms represents an attractive field of microbiology that is supported by increasing attention towards the discovery of hydrolytic enzymes as new active compounds having unexplored properties and applications. 12 Mar, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-7-147.php The primary focus of the study is to investigate the aetiology of the bacteria to bridge the gap between inadequate knowledge of bacterial growth in the pani and its role in food poisoning. Aims and objectives: Isolation of bacteria in “pani” sold with popular street food chaat in Bengaluru Identification of bacteria in “pani” sold with popular street food chaat in Bengaluru. Procedure: 100 samples of pani purchased from the vendor in a parcel container was transferred to a sterile container of 30 mL capacity. The pani was streaked on MacConkey agar and Samonella Shigella agar and incubated at 37°centigrade overnight. After overnight incubation, the plates of agar were observed for growth. If growth was observed, the isolated colonies were taken up for identification by performing the requisite biochemical reactions. If growth was not observed after overnight incubation, the plates were further incubated for 24 hours. If no growth was observed even on Selenite F broth subcultured plates, the pani was considered sterile and free of aerobic bacteria. Results: Of the 100 samples collected, growth of Non Lactose fermenters were reported in 12%; Lactose fermenters were 33% of which E.coli were 23% and Klebsiella were 14%; Enterococci were 16%; Suspected faecal contaminated samples were 51%; Candida were 39% and no growth was reported in 4% of samples. The above coliform bacteria indicate faecal contamination and pose a threat to humans health. Caution must be exercised to prevent the diseases caused by them. This health hazard was found in street stalls as well as in established restaurants which reflect the magnitude of disease risk in the community. Regularised food inspection should be conducted by Health Inspectors to determine and ensure compliance of food safety standards. Conclusion: The isolation of the above mentioned organisms is unacceptable by the minimum standards of safe and wholesome drinking water and food safety standards. The isolated enteric bacteria play a role in food poisoning with high mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing nations, and avoidance of street vended food is key to its prevention. 10 Feb, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-7-146.php There are many patents for magnetic nanoparticles as tumor magnetic resonance imaging enhancers, but the gadolinium complexes commonly used in the clinic are difficult to target the diseased tissues, while nanoliposomes are ideal carriers for anti-tumor drugs. Owing to that the commonly used liposome particle size is too large, poor stability, the Cholesterol was used to increase the stability of nanoparticles or reduce their diameter. This foreign cholesterol may also have toxic side effects on patients. And the existing liquid film process cannot be large-scale production. The aim of this paper is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, then put forward a new method for preparing cholesterol-free tumor magnetic resonance imaging enhancer based on nano liposome encapsulation was proposed. We can obtain tumor magnetic resonance imaging enhancers with low toxicity and a good ability to cross biofilm. Finally, the facile fabrication was proved according to applications. 09 Feb, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-7-145.php Background: PCR screening for COVID-19 has a significant false-negative rate and requires several hours to complete. A fever clinic was set up at Shekou Hospital, Shenzhen, China to rapidly identify high-risk patients. 29 Jan, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-7-144.php Introduction: For a country with high Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence, infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus with a covert co-infection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is a real concern. The two pathogens being both intracellular infectious agents, share a common initial host immune response of innate immunity activation, signalling cascade of infl ammatory cytokines and chemokines, and eventual adaptive immunity activation in order to remove and/or neutralize the microbes. Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a TB diagnostic tool that indirectly tests for Latent TB Infection (LTBI) by measuring the interferongamma released by T cells in response against MTB-specific antigens. This study was conducted to determine if the T cell response to IGRA will be affected by the host immune response to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. 24 Dec, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-143.php A-91-year old man had severe Covid-19 infection (bilateral pneumonia, SaO2 85% on air). He was treated with antibiotics, oxygen, dexamethasone and convalescent plasma therapy. On day 28 symptom onset, he noticed abdominal distension without abdominal pain. CT abdomen revealed pneumoperitoneum. An area of perforation at colon with mucosal haemorrhage was seen in laparotomy. Right hemicolectomy was done. Histology showed mucosal oedema, infiltration with inflammatory cells mainly polymorphs and lymphocytes, congested vessels with areas of haemorrhage in the mucosa. 08 Sep, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-142.php We have newly devised konjac glucomannan hydrogel pellets containing micrometer-sized iron particles and hydrotalcite powder [1], by which we can efficiently remove environmental harmful ions such as selenium, boron, fluorine and arsenic. Glucomannan hydrogel forms three-dimensional network which can stably immobilize these materials Figure 1. Iron Magnetic hydrogel (Japanese Patent 6667880 (2019)). 25 Aug, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-141.php The Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogens are of serious clinical concern worldwide. They are plasmid-mediated enzymes that are capable of hydrolysing virtually all β-lactam antibiotics including oxyimino-cephalosporins and monobactams. In this study, the uropathogens and risk factors for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and plasmid studies of ESBL-producing uropathogens prevalent in pregnant women attending to Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital (RSTH) and Dutse General Hospital (DGH) were investigated. During the current work, midstream urine samples were collected aseptically from 200 pregnant women and then cultured. The antibiotic susceptibility testing and ESBL detection were done using the standard methods. Identification of the recovered bacterial pathogens were carried out using the standard procedures and then confirmed through molecular analyses. The prevalence of UTI and ESBL production in this study was 37.0% and 17.6%, respectively. In pregnant women, the prevalence of UTI was higher in DGH (27.0%) than in RSTH (10.0%). The most predominant isolated uropathogens were Alcaligenes sp. (58.1%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.3%). The most sensitive antibiotic was ceftazidime (31.2%). Molecular enumeration using 16S rRNA partial sequencing revealed the presence of 750bp .There is an urgent need to enlighten the pregnant women on the hazardous effects of self-medication, over-the-counter prescription, possible risk factors of UTI and the importance of personal hygiene during antenatal clinic, in order to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. 23 Jun, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-140.php Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite which causes a severe disease called Giardiasis. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Giardia cysts in raw wastewater and its prevalence in the study community. Furthermore, the prevalence of assemblages A and B in sewage was compared with their prevalence in stool samples tested positive for Giardia. All wastewater samples were found positive for Giardia at a concentration range of 10-12225 cysts/L. Positive stool samples contained Giardia at an average concentration of 1.4x105cysts/gr. Giardia assemblage A alone was detected in 38.2% of wastewater samples, whereas assemblage B was not detected separately. However, 61.8% of the samples were found to contain both assemblages. In stool samples, the majority 27 out of 50 (54%) were found to contain assemblage B, 34.6% contained assemblage A and only 11.5% contained a mix of both assemblages. The results of the study indicate that Giardia is highly prevalent in wastewater in Israel reflecting its prevalence in the community. In addition, assemblage A is highly prevalent in wastewater, whereas assemblage B is more prevalent in stool samples, suggesting milder and/or carrier state of infection for assemblage A. 11 May, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-139.php Background: Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) experiences, based on the co-cultivation of two or more organisms, have proliferated in recent years; nevertheless, studies regarding the microbiological implications of these farming systems are not available yet. The context and purpose of the study: The microbiological conditions of shellfish and surrounding rearing environment were investigated during a pilot polyculture system (fish and shellfish farming) performed in the Castellammare Gulf (Sicily). The quantitative distribution of faecal coliforms and enterococci as faecal pollution indicators, together with that of environmental and potentially pathogenic halophilic vibrios, was determined in two different seasons (spring and autumn). Samplings of surface waters and bivalves (oysters, Cassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis; mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and clam, Tapes philippinarum) were performed at stations where integrated polyculture was performed (Impact sites) compared to others (Control sites) where farming activities regarded shellfish only. 16 Apr, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-138.php The antimicrobial resistance is the ability of bacteria and fungi to proliferate even in presence of antibiotic or antimycotic drugs [1]. In the last twenty years we have been witnessing a colossal increase in the antimicrobial resistance mainly due to the abuse and misuse of these compounds [2]. Although nowadays the use of antibiotics and antimycotics is more strictly regulated, antimicrobial treatment sometimes starts before a complete identification of the infectious agent [3-5]. 09 Apr, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-137.php The novel coronavirus disease originated from the Hubei Province of China in December 2019 [1]. The spread of infection is continuous across the world. Previously different human corona viruses like HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoVHKU1 of animal origin (BAT) were known to cause respiratory illnesses in humans. 11 Mar, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-136.php Bacterial resistance is a natural biological phenomenon, defined as an ability to multiply the presence of high temperatures of antimicrobials reached in therapeutic doses. Currently, there has been a large increase in the number of deaths related to hospital infections, being closely linked to resistant microorganisms. Knowledge of the genes responsible for the expression of resistance in the presence of high doses of antibiotics is of great importance, as it favors a more effective treatment, with the correct use of drugs and with a response effect in much less time, in addition to reducing levels of new cases of bacterial resistance. The objective of this work is to present high knowledge about the genetic markers of resistance in the main classes of antibiotics, fluoroquinolone, aminoglycoside and macrolides, using articles, technical manuals that describe the genetic markers of resistance. Different types of genes, plasmids and/or resistance markers to the main antibiotics. It can highlight what the work has to do precisely on the main genes expressed, when in contact with the antibiotics selected at work. 29 Jan, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-6-135.php Because of high mortality and morbidity, identifi cation of microorganisms causing sepsis is important for the treatment of the patient. Blood culture is the most valuable test for diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate microorganisms isolated from blood cultures retrospectively. 16 Nov, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-5-134.php Background: In aquatic environments, organic polymers such as proteins, polysaccharides and organic phosphates are cleaved and up taken by microorganisms through the expression of specific enzymes such as Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP), beta Glucosidase (GLU) and Alkaline Phosphatase (AP), respectively. Microbial enzymatic activities are a fundamental step in the organic matter utilization and turnover into simple monomers. 14 Nov, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-5-133.php Antiviral responses are activated rapidly after viral infection in order to control and prevent dissemination of the virus. Different pathways are activated in the immune system, including innate and adaptive responses. 19 Jul, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-5-132.php The Lippia oils are well known for the treatment of respiratory problems, as well as their oils have compounds that are possibly good antimicrobial agents. In order to confirm the seasonal differences and also to observe the potential to influence the antimicrobial activity, it was evaluated antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides H K B against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Methodology: leaves of Lippia origanoides H.B.K. were harvested in the municipality of José de Freitas 02 Apr, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-5-131.php Pectinases, commonly referred to as pectic enzymes, are an important class of enzymes for their uses in industries like wine, paper, and food for the processing of fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, and can be extracted from actinomycetes, a group of bacteria popular for research for such products as the penicillin and pectinases. Such pectinase enzymes that will work at high temperatures and at appropriate pH conditions can be of benefit at high temperatures, which can be used to speed up these processes. Speed of processing gives an economic gain in commercial applications. This study involved the isolation, purification and characterisation of pectinase enzyme from Streptomyces thermocarboxydus. Soil bacterial isolation resulted in seventeen different types of colonies and these from petri were transferred to agar and cultured on pectin containing media at 37° C temperature, and the strain showing maximum pectin clearing detected with iodine vapour. The selected isolate was first sent for sequencing using rRNA technology and phylogenetic analysis. Experiments for culture optimization and enzyme characterization were carried out. The optimum pH and temperature for culture was found out to be 4 and 50 ˚C, and for the partially purified enzyme, maximum activity, at neutral and alkaline pH and 60 ˚C. Hence, this enzyme proves to be a promising candidate for commercial applications. 18 Jan, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000030.php The present study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the hematology of Catla catla Post challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. 30 Dec, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JCMBT-3-129.php Heavy metals pollution in aquatic ecosystem is global issue due to persistence and continuous accumulation of these pollutants in aquatic environment. This results in excess release of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc etc. 18 Dec, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000028.php Streptococcus constellatus can sometimes cause serious invasive infections, as infections of the liver and lung, brain abscesses, bacteraemia, endocarditis and intra-abdominal infections. 16 Dec, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000027.php Background: The search of rapid methods for the detection of Escherichia coli in coastal marine waters is a topic of scientifi c interest to evaluate potential risks to human health related to their low bacteriological quality. 07 Aug, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000026.php Talins were the fi rstly identifi ed cytoplasmic protein partners of integrins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, 30 Jun, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000025.php Background & Aim: Despite the drug resistance M.bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) are still regarded as two of the global health problems in the world. In the present study, a comparison was made between protein profi les of M.bovis and MTB in order to achieve effective biomarkers for diagnosis of TB. 22 Jun, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000024.php IL28B’s SNPs are considered the most important host factors predicting the success of Peg-INF alpha/ribavirin based regimens against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. 09 May, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000023.php Dengue virus is one of most rapidly growing arthropod born viral disease in the world which has serious health and economic implications. 22 Apr, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000022.php The present study is aimed to determine the preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of acetone extract of the edible plants, Solanum nigrum (L.), Murraya koenigii (L.), Sesbania grandiflora (L.) against urinary tract infection causing bacteria in children. 20 Mar, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000021.php A total of 174 E. coli isolates collected from healthy poultry, bovine and ovine recovered between December 2009 and June 2013 in different geographic location in Tunisia, were assessed and examinated for resistance to antimicrobial agents. 09 Mar, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000020.php Talin is a large cytoskeletal adaptor protein that is an important component of focal adhesion complexes of adherent cells. It was originally identified as a component of focal adhesions and ruffling membranes of fibroblasts. 04 Mar, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000019.php case of the first evidence of epidemic strain Clostridium difficile (027/NAP1 (BI) in a patient in Slavonia region (Eastern Croatia) is presented. Clostridium difficile infection presents the leading cause of the antibiotic-associated nosocomial diarrhea and colitis in the industrialized world. PCR-ribotype 027 is a hypervirulent strain with great epidemic potential and since 2005 spread to European countries. A study published in 2011 years did not prove the presence of ribotype 027 in Croatia. 25 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000018.php Background and objective: This work collects and analyses information about the evolution of medical practice during the last centuries. The main aim is to summarise new insights on “omics sciences” and their impact in medicine. 19 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000017.php Acinetobacter species are important nosocomial pathogens because they can develop resistance to antibiotics and survive for a long time in the hospital environment. This study aimed to investigate the changes in antibiotic resistance profiles of Acinetobacter spp. strains isolated from blood speciemens of hospitalized patients in our hospital. 07 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000016.php Allergenic ribosomal P proteins have been isolated almost exclusively from allergenic mold species with the exception of one from almond. Presently, nine cloned ribosomal P proteins are listed as allergens in Allergen Nomenclature, WHO/IUIS database. They belong to either P1 or P2 protein families. 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000015.php Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease but field applicable, simple, accurate, and cost effective diagnostics are lacking. We isolated a broad acting bacteriophage lytic to Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, S. Gallinarum and S. Dublin and investigated its application in diagnosis employing MTT assay and nitrate test. 29 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000014.php Zika virus infection becomes the big consideration in medicine at pesent since the infection can seriously affect the health of the infected person. 15 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000013.php Foods are playing a significant role in human infections because they are frequent vehicles of some human pathogens, which can spread in a short time to all the animals and are associated with cross contamination during production and processing. 15 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000012.php In the present study, we studied the production and immobilization xylanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SK-3. Isolate produced highest xylanase activity (56.2±1.6 IU/mol) at pH=8 and 40°C after 48 h incubation in presence of 1% wheat bran. 10 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000011.php Background: Fermented dairy products of north-west Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh) are rich sources of potential and novel probiotic isolates which further can be explored for their commercial application. 10 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000010.php Introduction: Health care associated infections (HCAIs) or nosocomial infections have a propensity to strike in the critical care areas. Surveillance of HCAIs, so as to define the magnitude and nature of the problem, is the primary step towards reducing the risk for infection in vulnerable hospitalized patients. 07 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-jcmbt.000009.php The residual tannins discharged from tanning units of the leather industry have an adverse effect on living organism and causes serious environmental pollution. Biological degradation is an important mechanism of organic chemical removal in natural systems owing to its environmental compatibility. 03 Jun, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-2-108.php The objective of this study was to find out the reproducibility and specifity of hipO and ceuE genes based PCR assays for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from turkey meat samples in a previous study. A total of 44 Campylobacter isolates including 41 C. jejuni, two C. coli and one C. lari were used in this study. Although all of the C. jejuni isolates were verified by hipO based PCR assay, only 18 of the 41 C. jejuni were detected as positive by ceuE based PCR assay. Both of the methods showed negative reaction with C. coli and C. lari isolates. The results showed that, hipO gene based PCR assay is more reproducibly and specific than ceuE gene specific PCR analyze for the detection and identification of C. jejuni. 29 Jan, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-2-107.php Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) are the most common pulmonary vascular complications in patients with liver disease. We present a 71-year old woman with alcoholic cirrhosis and 6 month history of progressive shortness of breath with mild hypoxemia at rest. Results of spirometry was normal and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was severity reduced. Echocardiography with contrast enhancement revealed extra cardiac shunt. Three months after her initial presentation, a new echocardiography was performed with pulmonary systolic pressure increased and in a right heart catheterization (RHC) the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm) was 50 mmHg, this evidence supported the diagnosis of severe portopulmonary hypertension after HPS. 09 Jan, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-2-106.php The word technology refers to the knowledge of techniques, skills, methods or processes used to produce goods, services or to reach specific objectives (research, business, etc.). The concept technology can also be used to make reference to devices, computers and factories. The history of technology is as long as human beings’ history, however great advances in the field of technology have been developed mainly during the last century. In that sense, more than 963000 manuscripts have been published about the design of innovative technologies and their use in almost all fields of knowledge (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Search done using “technology” as key word). It is interesting to highlight that many of the mentioned manuscripts are mainly focused on the optimization of technologies used for analytical/clinical purposes (up to 250000 manuscripts described the use of several technologies in medicine, microbiology, molecular biology and biochemistry) [1]. 31 Dec, 2015 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-1-105.php Background: The assessment of the bacteriological quality of coastal marine waters through the search of Escherichia coli as an indicator of fecal pollution is a topic of public concern. The context and purpose of the study: During a coastal monitoring program, the abundance and distribution of the actively respiring and dead fraction within the total E. coli population along the Messina coastline (Sicily, Italy) were investigated using a fluorescent-antibody method coupled with the stains 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) or propidium iodide (PI) in order to assess the potential risk related to the viability of this microorganism. 31 Dec, 2015 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-1-104.php The microscopic cord formation is a characteristic property of the species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). This feature is used as screening method of MTC and detection of drug resistant tuberculosis in law resource settings. The presence of true cording in M.abscessus poses a challenge for identification of MTC based on the cord formation. 30 Dec, 2015 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-1-103.php Entamoeba histolytica is a cosmopolitan, parasitic protozoan of human large intestine, which is a causative agent of amoebiasis. Amoebiasis manifests with persistent diarrhea containing mucus or blood, accompanied by abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea and fever. In some cases amoebas may travel through the bloodstream from the intestine to the liver or to other organs, causing multiple abscesses. Amoebiasis is a dangerous, parasitic disease and after malaria the second cause of deaths related to parasitic infections worldwide. The highest rate of infections is observed among people living in or traveling through the tropics. Laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis is quite difficult, comprising of microscopy and methods of molecular biology. 28 Sep, 2015 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-1-102.php he bacterial planktonic growth and the removal of bacterial cells grown on polypropylene surface coated with covalently immobilized proteases (subtilisin Carlsberg or α-chymotrypsin) was investigated for Enterococcus hirae, Staphyloccocus epidermidis and Eschericha coli. Immobilization of both proteases on plasma-treated polypropylene was carried out using as cross-linking agent i) glutaraldehyde or ii) N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide. In the presence of immobilized proteases a higher bacterial planktonic growth (up to 40 %) was observed 26 Jun, 2015 https://www.biolscigroup.us/Clinical-Microbiology-Biochemical-Technology/JCMBT-1-101.php Introduction: Due to the emergence of multidrug/extensively drug-resistant TB and the lack of new anti-TB drugs, tracing the infectious source and monitoring the transmission of drug-resistant TB strains have become critically important.