https://www.biolscigroup.us/journals/journal-of-biology-and-medicine A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 26 Nov, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-9-148.php Hemoglobin plays a central role in oxygen transport, carbon dioxide removal, acid-base balance maintenance, of cellular homeostasis in humans. Its structural characteristics and biochemical properties are essential for physiological adaptation in both health and disease. Alterations in hemoglobin concentration, molecular structure, or biological function are associated with a wide range of clinical conditions, including anemia, thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, inflammatory disorders, kidney disease, and chronic degenerative conditions. This review provides an updated overview of the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, regulatory pathways, diagnostic significance, and clinical applications of hemoglobin. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, covering scientific publications from 2000 to 2025, including research from the fields of molecular biology, clinical hematology, pathophysiology, and translational medicine. The purpose of this review is to support a better understanding of hemoglobin as a clinical biomarker, with relevance for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and personalized medicine. 05 Aug, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-9-147.php Seaweed extracts are key ingredients in many modern bio-stimulant products, widely recognized for their richness in polysaccharides, minerals, and certain vitamins. While the benefits of seaweed have been known for biocompatibility, it is only in recent times that their bioactive compounds have gained scientific attention. These extracts contain phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, lipids, and polyphenols, which possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Because of these properties, fucoidan extracts are of growing interest in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and medical applications (e.g., nutritional supplements, wound healing, skincare, periodontal therapy, etc.). 15 Jul, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-9-146.php The assumption that the evolutionary success of parasitic worms is due to the multifunctionality of their cells, acquired during the transition to a parasitic lifestyle, is discussed. 04 Jul, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-9-145.php Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes have been shown to have an elevated prevalence of hypo- calcemia/ hypomagnesemia. Aim: To evaluate the correlation of serum calcium and magnesium with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and methods: This case-control study was conducted on 160 adult type 2 diabetic patients (males and females) and 80 matched normal people. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were measured in all subjects. Results: Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes have higher risk of being hypocalcemia and/ or hypomagnesemia. Conclusion: Monitoring Ca and Mg levels and managing diabetes effectively are crucial to prevent complications associated with Ca and Mg imbalances. 24 May, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-9-144.php This article presents a hypothetical clinical scenario to illustrate interpretive ambiguities frequently encountered in mixed-design ANOVA. While based on a fictional dataset, the scenario serves to illustrate methodological challenges that arise when interaction effects are significant, but post-hoc tests yield non-significant results. The objective is to provide insight into this discrepancy and offer guidance for clinical researchers navigating similar situations. 28 Nov, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-8-143.php Background: Silk extracted from the silkworm is prized for its exceptional biological and mechanical qualities for its versatility in multiple fields as a biomaterial, most prominently showcased in bone tissue engineering scaffolding. In recent times, silk protein-derived biomaterials have been utilized as scaffolds for guiding bone regeneration. Bovine collagen is selected to enhance the biological function of silk fibroin, as a composite membrane. Thus, considering all these characteristics, we have fabricated silk fibroin into a collagen membrane for evaluation. Therefore, we have a cross-linked collagen membrane with silk fibroin for soft tissue augmentation. Materials and methods: We have fabricated a silk fibroin-collagen membrane, a composite membrane using lyphophilization to form a fibroin/collagen scaffold for the evaluation of gingival tissue thickness. A total of 10 patients with Stage II/III, Grade B periodontitis received this composite membrane. Patients were re-evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks for clinical parameters of soft tissue gingival thickness, keratinized tissue width, and wound healing. Values obtained were statistically analyzed with p - value ≤ 0.05. Results: The addition of silk fibroin to collagen membrane for augmentation of ridge defects, infrabony defects, socket augmentation, and in immediate implant placement for soft tissue augmentation resulted in statistically significant improvement of clinical parameters. Conclusion: Soft tissue augmentation using a composite membrane with silk fibroin demonstrated marginal but statistically significant changes in gingival phenotype. In various oral soft tissue defects. This composite membrane shows a promising alternative to connective tissue graft. 31 Aug, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-8-142.php “Fitness” is one of the central concepts in biology. Despite this, the concept is still not clearly defined. Previous attempts at definition refer to what should be called an individual’s “potential fitness,” or, when mathematized, the relative fitness of genetic alleles. In contrast, the present work defines the actual fitness of an individual, exactly what is referred to in the expression “survival of the fittest.” This represents a new conceptualization, a mathematical definition that will extend across the entire set of ideas related to evolution. 30 Mar, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-8-141.php CD34+ cells hold significant promise in regenerative medicine and the treatment of various vascular degenerative diseases primarily because of their ability to regenerate and differentiate into various cell types. These cells can be derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or adult stem cells like blood and bone marrow, and can differentiate into endothelial, hematopoietic, myeloid, and other cell types. However, their characteristics vary based on the source, making detailed definitions essential for specific therapeutic applications. In this study, it was aimed to compare these two different CD34-positive cell populations by full genome transcriptional profiling (RNAseq). To this end, we first optimized a CD34+ cell differentiation protocol and found that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is critical for the transition of cells from mesodermal precursors to CD34+ cells. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) of RNAseq data showed that blood-derived CD34+ cells clustered far from iPS-derived CD34+ cells which illustrates these populations are fundamentally different. This data will be useful to better define these cell populations and facilitate the translation of regenerative approaches in this field as well as providing potentially novel diagnostic tools. 21 Nov, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-7-140.php Strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4) phosphor nanoparticles with Eu2+, and Dy3+ co-doping exhibit high brightness and long afterglow properties, storing light energy and glowing slowly under different conditions. It has been widely studied that SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAO) phosphor nanoparticles with a green visible emission can penetrate deep into the tissue, show low self-fluorescence, cause minimal light damage, and are biocompatible. SAO phosphor nanoparticle synthesis and modification mechanisms are outlined in this review. Biological therapies, in addition to the detection of substances in organisms, are provided by these excellent priorities. Despite the existing research, it has been demonstrated that nanostructures of SAO luminescence particles have great potential to be applied to tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. The current scientific achievements can provide a reference for research in the areas mentioned above, as well as stimulate biomedical disciplines to pay attention to SAO luminescence nanoparticles. 21 Jul, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-7-139.php Two new perylene derivatives 1,7-di(3,5-diamino-pyrimidoxyl) perylene-3,4,9,10- tetracarboxylic acid bisanhydride (4) and 1,7-di(2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]) ethoxyperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisanhydride (6) have been synthesized. We aimed to study their interactions with G-quadruplex (G4) structures as potent G4 ligands and telomerase inhibitors. We used a PCR-amplified guanine-rich region from the human beta-globin gene, oligonucleotide from human telomeres (a-coreTT), an oncogene (c-kit), and SK-HEP-1 adenocarcinoma cells to characterize those compounds’ binding and stabilizing abilities to G4 structures and anti-cancer potential. All results obtained through UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies, agarose gel electrophoresis, and MTT assay on SK-HEP-1 adenocarcinoma cells were in good agreement. Compounds 4 and 6 are promising DNA-binding and cytotoxic compounds with a relatively antiproliferative effect on the selected tumour. In all studies, the formal positive charge carrier, compound 6, showed higher activity in terms of anti-cancer effects. These results may help elucidate the feasibility of the perylene derivatives as future chemo-therapeutic agents. 22 Jun, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-7-138.php In general, pneumonia has known to be closely associated with respiratory infection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In South Korea, pneumonia is a leading cause of death that continues to threaten public health every year. Through the tertiary hospital-based influenza surveillance system in South Korea, nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from patients with unexplained cases of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) between 2011 and 2017. After real-time PCR screening using respiratory viral panels, the samples were found negative for 16 common respiratory pathogens including adenovirus, influenza viruses, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza viruses. The aim of this study was to investigate the patient microbiota and examine the etiology of CAP requiring hospitalization. The nasopharyngeal microbiome of adult patients during CAP was analyzed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform and a subsequent bioinformatics pipeline. Viral nucleic acids were nearly absent in the samples and failed to generate any sequence reads. On the other hand, samples were enriched with a diverse bacterial community, which was mainly comprised of Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, and Rhizobium genera. Despite the diversity of bacterial composition, only a few dominant species with > 1% abundance were identified in each patient sample. Population analysis at the genus level showed that microbial diversity varied according to age, sex, and location. 30 May, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-7-137.php Background: Needlestick Injuries (NSI) are a critical occupational risk for healthcare workers. Therefore, the present study investigated the incidence and risk factors of NSI among employees of the Pasteur Institute of Iran, one of the largest and oldest biological research institutes in the country, who are at high risk of occupational exposure to biological agents. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all personnel (565 individuals) of the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Participants answered some questions related to demographic and occupational characteristics as well as occupational exposure to blood and biological products, and occupational protection. Findings: A total of 448 questionnaires were completed. The mean age (SD) and work experience of the participants were 35.62 (9.20) and 9.72 (1.30) years, respectively. A total of 150 individuals had a history of NSI. The mean (SD) ages of participants with and without a history of NSV were 37.40 ± 9.03 and 34.41 ± 8.80 years, respectively (p < 0.001). The occurrence of NSI was related to work experience of more than five years and drinking, eating, or smoking while working. In addition, changing gloves while using the telephone was significantly related to reporting the occurrence of NSI to the department manager. Conclusion: Our findings indicated the relatively high frequency of NSI among the respondents. Despite the importance of personnel training, we did not find the occurrence of NSI or reporting it to be related to attending training courses. Hence, designing efficient preventive and protective measures requires the assessment of the attitudes of the mentioned institute’s personnel toward NSI and its prevention and management. 24 May, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-7-136.php Sugarcane is one of the main crops worldwide, and it has an important impact on environmental issues. Sugarcane is used in daily routine life in many ways like as vinegar, jiggery, juices etc. In India sugarcane crop is best cultivated in the west U.P. Sugarcane original vinegar drink with high nutritional quality was produced from fresh sugarcane juice using the yeast culture and acetic acid bacteria by fermentation techniques such as submerged alcoholic fermentation followed by acetic fermentation at room temperature. Refined sugarcane is the primary product of sugarcane juice, during its processing, various other valuable products are also obtained in an unrefined form such as brown sugar, molasses, jaggery and vinegar. Sugarcane juice is widely used in the treatment of jaundice, hemorrhage, dysuria, and other urinary disease. Nowadays sugarcane vinegar is also used in Indian kitchens commonly in pickles, salads, etc. Vinegar is extremely useful for human health including antimicrobial activity, blood pressure reduction, antioxidant activity, reduction in the effects of diabetes, and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Phenolic acid in vinegar can scavenge superoxide anion and free radicals in vivo resulting in a potent antioxidant activity. 27 Apr, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-7-135.php In the post-Covid-19 era, plant-based diets and products have become more popular. Fruit vinegar is considered a healthy drink, rich in bioactive compounds like organic acids, polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids that provide several beneficial properties. Fruit vinegar also contains several beneficial nutrients like amino acids, sugars, vitamins and minerals. They provide energy, regulate cell metabolism, immunity, antioxidation, anticoagulation and help in the improvement of brain development. Vinegar is also known for its strong antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogens. The aim of the present investigation was to find out the antimicrobial activities of grape vinegar against common food-borne pathogens and to see whether common vegetable lose their antimicrobial activities when soaked with grape vinegar or gain. The vegetables used in the present investigation were randomly collected from the local market. We have evaluated the antimicrobial properties of untreated and grape vinegar (GV) treated selected vegetables against Escherichia coli (ATCC8739), Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6539), Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802), Vibrio cholera (ATCC 3906) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on the randomized survey, commonly used vegetable ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), raw papaya (Carica papaya), white radish (Raphanus sativus) and green chilli (Capsicum annuum) were selected for the assessment of their antimicrobial activities. Different phytochemicals were found in water extract and grape vinegar-treated vegetables. Our results suggested that in general, grape vinegar-treated vegetables showed higher antimicrobial activities against all tested food-borne pathogens, but onion, garlic, green chillies and white radish revealed drastically higher activities. Hence, it is suggested that onion, garlic, green chillies and white radish should preferably be used after soaking with grape vinegar. All vegetables except garlic and white radish showed very little antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis. V. cholera was highly sensitive to grape vinegar-treated vegetables except for garlic. Similarly, V. parahaemolyticus was highly sensitive to grape vinegar-treated green chillies, white radish, raw papaya, and onion. Shigella flexneri also showed greater sensitivity to GV-treated green chillies and white radishes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to ginger and green chillies only. It may safely be concluded that grape vinegar-treated vegetables are beneficial to fight against food-borne infections. The vegetable when soaked with grape vinegar did not lose their antimicrobial activities rather they gained the antimicrobial components from grape vinegar. Our studies revealed that white radish, ginger, green chilies, and onion should be used after soaking in grape vinegar while garlic and raw papaya should be eaten without treatment with grape vinegar. 01 Dec, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-6-134.php Based on the visualization analysis of foreign literature on altruistic behavior in recent ten years (2012-2022) by CiteSpace, it is found that the research on altruistic behavior in the field of biology abroad has experienced the initial exploratory stage, the outbreak stage, and now enters the stable and deepening stage. The discipline distribution is mainly behavioral ecology, supplemented by evolutionary biology, biomathematics, and genetics. The author has three main cooperative groups, and a relatively tight cooperative network has been formed locally in related fields. From the perspective of cooperation degree, the cooperation density of major research institutions is high, and relevant research has been relatively mature. Judging from the period calculated in the software, altruism, cooperation, kin Selection, reciprocity, and inclusive fitness emerged earlier. In recent years, constitutive theory, density dependence, and Habitat construction have emerged, which may become a new direction for future research. Therefore, future research can expand the scope of disciplines, strengthen the cooperation between authors and units, and explore other research hotspots. 10 Nov, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-6-133.php The many legacies bequeathed to us by the COVID-19 pandemic have embraced novel approaches to vaccine development, a greater awareness of the principles of hygiene among the general public, the need for governments to take a proactive stance when faced with unfamiliar pathologies, and the role of specialist medical and scientific advisers. However, many of the claimed protocols are medieval in nature and have little scientific evidence to support their introduction. Similarly, we have failed to grasp the importance of the anti-vaccination campaigns, which are always founded on ignorance or willfulness, but on previous examples of duplicitous behavior by those in authority, coupled with our poor understanding of the way virus variants function, have engendered a sense that many of the precautions taken may have been unnecessary (Ford, 2020a). In consequence, I fear that future threats from hemolytic viruses of high transmissibility may be met with complacency. Improved public education, and greater academic transparency concerning the nature of risk, will be necessary if a future pandemic is to be effectively controlled. 29 Oct, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-6-132.php Introduction/Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by narrowing of the prostatic urethra with resultant difficulty in passing urine, stasis, and a predisposition to urinary tract infection. The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence of urinary tract infections, common organisms isolated, their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, and the relationship of co-morbidities with urinary tract infection in this population. Materials and methods: All patients who presented to our urology team with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia between January 2020 and January 2021 were included. Information on age, occupation, co-morbid conditions, urine microscopy, culture, and sensitivity patterns were obtained and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Midstream urine samples were collected from 172 BPH patients. Microscopy, culture, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out. Results: From our study, the prevalence of bacteriuria was 67.9% with the 65-74 and 45-54 age groups having the highest and the least prevalence of bacteriuria (88.9% and 33.3% respectively). The most common organisms cultured from their urine were Pseudomonas (17.9%), E. coli (14.3%), Coliforms (10.7%), and Klebsiella (10.7%). Sensitivity patterns of these microorganisms revealed the highest sensitivity to the fluoroquinolones (25.9%) followed by Nitrofurantoin (14.8%) and Ceftriaxone and Cefoxitin (7.4%). The least sensitivity was to Augmentin and Gentamycin. Conclusion: Bacteriuria is common in patients with BPH. Pseudomonas spp was the commonest isolated organism in our study and most isolated organisms were susceptible to the fluoroquinolones. 15 Oct, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-6-131.php A review of recent literature indicates a significant effect of air pollution on the increased incidence of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. A possible mechanism is related to oxidative damage and inflammation. In the Czech Republic in previous decades the mining districts of Northern Bohemia suffered from very high air pollution levels, while during the last period in Northern Moravia this problem was also noted. This specific situation could be used to study the impact of air pollution on dementia, using new methods of molecular epidemiology together with the complex analysis of the lifestyle of the population living in the polluted regions. 30 Sep, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-6-130.php Tendon injuries are associated with considerable pain and disability. Owing to the hypovascularity and hypocellularity of the tissue, natural tendon healing is slow and ineffective. Traditional conservative and surgical treatment options fail to address the underlying pathology. As a result, the healed tendon is mechanically incompetent and prone to degeneration and rupture. Therefore, new biological methods have been suggested to enhance tendon repair and regeneration. Flowable Placental Connective Tissue Matrices (FP-CTMs) represent a promising means to promote tendon healing. Like non-flowable placental scaffolds, FP-CTMs possess the innate healing properties of the placenta and provide structural and biochemical extracellular matrix components. Unlike their non-flowable counterparts, FP-CTMs have the added benefits of minimal invasiveness and the capacity to fill irregular spaces. FP-CTMs can enhance tendon repair by providing a three-dimensional extracellular matrix for cellular attachment and proliferation while decreasing inflammation and limiting adhesion formation. The present report reviews tendon biology, pathology, healing, and current treatment modalities, followed by a comprehensive literature review, evaluating the clinical application of FP-CTMs for tendon repair. Recent research suggests that the use of FP-CTMs in tendon repair is safe and efficacious and further indicates that FP-CTMs can modulate the tendon repair environment and improve clinical outcomes. However, the existing clinical evidence is limited to retrospective case series with no control group. Therefore, additional work must be performed to better understand the clinical applications and therapeutic benefits of FP-CTM in tendon repair compared with conventional treatments. 30 Aug, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-6-129.php Introduction: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by difficulties in social communication and interaction, repetitive patterns of behaviour and focused interests and activities. Medical social workers and Clinical psychologists play vital roles in identifying and supporting autistic children with their families. They may help with therapy, rehabilitation, crisis interventions and outreach services. Adequate knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among Medical social workers and Clinical psychologists may enhance early recognition, diagnosis, appropriate referral and interventions that are known to improve prognosis in autistic children. This study determined Medical social workers’ and Clinical psychologists’ understanding of ASD. Materials and methods: Socio-demographic and Knowledge About Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) questionnaires were administered to consenting 63 Medical social workers and 35 Clinical psychologists. Results: Sixty-three Medical Social workers and 35 Clinical psychologists participated in the study. The mean age of Medical social workers was 42.1 ± 8.6 years and 41.0 ± 8.9 years for Clinical psychologists (P = 0.525). Clinical psychologists who were males were 42.9% and 41.3% were male Medical social workers (P = 0.879). Medical social workers who have ever managed a child with autism in the course of their career were 42.9% while Clinical psychologists were 40.0% (P = 0.784). The mean knowledge score for variables in domain 1 for Clinical psychologists was 6.34 ± 1.78 while Medical social workers scored 5.40 ± 2.30 (P = 0.038). The score in domain 2 for Clinical psychologists was 0.91 ± 0.28 while Medical social workers scored 0.71 ± 0.46 (P = 0.009). The mean total score for Clinical psychologists was13.00 ± 2.86 whereas Medical social workers scored 11.51 ± 3.43 (P = 0.031). Conclusion: Clinical psychologists significantly scored higher than Medical social workers in knowledge mean scores in domains 1 and 2 and total mean scores. The scores of Clinical Psychologists though higher than scores by Medical social workers are still considered inadequate. It is recommended that the training curriculum of Medical social workers and Clinical psychologists should involve more tutorials, teachings and clinical rotations that would expose them to different aspects of ASD. 12 Jul, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-6-128.php Currently, the most common treatment options for pancreatic cancer include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. These treatment options are not specific to the cause of the disease and therefore result in a large number of side effects including nausea, fatigue, hair loss, etc. The use of oligonucleotides may be a more efficient and safe method of cancer therapy. This mini-review will cover how oligonucleotides have been used to treat diseases in the past as well as different methods for delivery into the body and finally the applications of oligonucleotides in pancreatic cancer therapy. 11 Aug, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-5-127.php Current medicine is anchored in reactive practice. Modern medicine became an extension of the physics and chemistry based on the Cartesian reductionist-deterministic view of the world. However, reaction is more expensive, by many orders of magnitude, than anticipatory actions; and in the long run, it is unsustainable. If physicians do not want to be replaced by machines—neither by 2035 (as medical experts already predicted) nor ever—they should stop treating human beings as machines. Only anticipation-grounded medicine can save medicine from itself. 26 May, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-5-126.php It is estimated that helical is the movement of planets in the solar system, the DNA format, the pathway of the excretory ducts of the eccrine sweat glands in the human epidermis, the evolution of our thoughts when they improve and even as banality, the movement of water in our washbasins towards the drain pipes. 17 Feb, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-5-125.php Telomeres are ribonucleoprotein structures forming a protective buffer at the ends of chromosomes. They preserve the integrity of the genetic material during the cell cycle. Replicative telomere erosion can be compensated by a telomerase. The average size of telomeres is a marker of the biological age of individuals and their exposure to various physiological and pathological conditions. We are reporting the findings of an open prospective pre-study in healthy volunteers of a new association of molecules on telomere elongation and its cardiovascular action. Ten healthy volunteers (6 men, 4 women), average age 59.4 ± 8.19 years old, with no specific history. This pre-study did reveal significant results concerning the size of the average and median telomeres. The speed of the propagation of the pulse wave on the carotid- femoral and arterial segment shows a reduction (8.74 ± 1.72 m / s at T0 for the 10 subjects, versus 8.18 ± 2.18 at M6). The study shows a significant improvement of the average PAO of 10 subjects, from 1.51 ± 0.13 mmol / l to T0, versus 1.68 ± 0.16 mmol / l at M1 (p <0.0006) and 1.58 ± 0.18 mmol / l at M6 (p <0.05). 09 Dec, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-4-123.php Stroke, the leading causes of mortality, disability, and has effects on health-related quality of life. The objective of this review is to review the health-related quality of life of patients with stroke. Relevant kinds of literature were searched from Science Direct, Google Scholar, Hinari, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO database using inclusion and exclusion criteria. From 864 searched studies, 20 full-text articles were reviewed. Eighty-five percent (n=17) of articles assessed health-related quality of life after the interventions, whereas three (15%) of studies assessed health-related quality of life before the interventions. In 50% (n=10) of studies, physical disability and six (30%) of studies depression occurred as complications of a stroke. Forty percent (n=8), 25% (n=5), 20% (n=4), 20% (n=4), and 10% (n=2) of studies medication therapy, physical exercise, psychological intervention, assistive devices, and surgical procedure were utilized as intervention. The occurrences of stroke complications are determinant for poor health-related quality of life and any of the intervention has a strong and positive impact on health-related quality of life. Any of the interventions and assessments provide important information in deciding and implementing appropriate intervention programs. 01 Jul, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-4-122.php Changes in the cellular and humoral links of the immune system of patients with coronavirus disease-19, modifications of laboratory parameters, including biochemical, acute phase, cytokine, interferon systems, etc. are discussed. The problem of the formation of post-infection immunity and the possibility of reinfection of patients recovered is discussed. 26 Jun, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-4-121.php Background: Epilepsy can co-occur in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients and impact the individual’s behavior, socialization, and language development. Polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor gene - DRD4 - have been studied as a potential biomarker for co-occurrence and severity of these disorders. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of the polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene, its effects on clinical characteristics of ASD, and its association with epilepsy in ASD patients. Clinical investigations of 53 ASD patients aged between 2 and 16 years old were conducted to assess their health history and comorbidities. Genotyping of these patients was performed through the molecular analysis of the DRD4 gene polymorphisms. 30 May, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-4-120.php History of medical education in Libya spans over a period of 50 years. Medical education started in faculty of medicine at Benghazi in 1970, and at Tripoli in 1973. Both medical schools performed their main core function and their graduates provided good health services locally and abroad. However, the medical schools did not keep up with the immense changes that medical education experienced over the last two decades with inclusion of research and community services within their main core function [1-3], 05 Feb, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-4-119.php Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known to cause microvascular and possibly macrovascular complications as it one of the major risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). CAD is a major cause of death in developed countries. The study aims to assess the relation of glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and severity of CAD in diabetic patients. 20 Dec, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-118.php For the time being, the biological processes are described based on theoretical apparatus of thermodynamics, mechanics, dynamic systems theory etc. Here a new conceptual basis for description of living objects in their entirety and overall response is suggested. Biology and medicine gain if the organism physiological status could be assessed via prompt and simple measurements. New variables as vitality, biological energy, and synergy are introduced as integral phenomenological characteristics of biological objects. Sinergy is presumed to be a measure of biological selfregulation quality. Biological principle for maximum synergy in undisturbed state is postulated. An equation describing the recovery process of an organism after some disturbance is obtained. The synergy change in possible outcomes after different influences is discussed. The new approach, new variables and laws could form a new science field. This paper could stimulate the scientific thought for further research. 20 Sep, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-117.php Background: Ergonomic furniture design which is based on the application of the anthropometric measurements of the intended users does not only reduce the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders such as low back pain, but also improves work performance. 21 Aug, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-116.php 1. Human skin consists of epidermis, pilosebaceous follicles, eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, melanocytes, Langherans cells, Merkel cells, connective tissue of the dermis and hypodermis, nerves and lymphatic and blood vessels. It means that the skin is an extremely complex organ, made up of multiple cell types and structures, with remarkable morphofunctional diversity. 20 Aug, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-115.php Introduction: The presence of ACE Insertion/Deletion polymorphism is proposed to be associated with a higher risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The aim of this study was to examine a relationship between the occurrence of I/D polymorphism among patients with ascending aortic aneurysm and bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve structure. 14 Aug, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-114.php Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or action. Percent of Type 2 diabetic patients are getting to increase annually allover the world especially in developing countries. It is estimated to increase to 300 million in 2025. In Egypt around 8.1 million are estimated according to IDF 2015. 07 Aug, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-113.php Antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of selected fruit peels were investigated in this work. The selected peels, obtained from orange, pineapple cashew and banana fruits were air dried at 28±20C for four weeks and later grounded into powders. 05 Aug, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-112.php Mercury sphygmomanometers was developed over 100 years ago and largely unchanged since used in both hospital and ambulatory settings and considered as gold standard device for accurate blood pressure measurements. Blood pressure is important diagnostic index for circulatory function. 03 Aug, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-111.php Introduction: The diagnosis of suppurrative prostatitis is rare affecting men mostly in their 5th or 6th decades. Suppurative prostatitis can co-exist with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) making diagnosis and treatment much more challenging. 15 Jul, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-110.php There are under-appreciated, serious behavioral challenges to science’s understanding of life and its DNA-basis. The general problem facing the DNA model, though, has been the inability to identify the DNA origins of many heritable characteristics. This brief commentary will introduce the missing heritability situation and then go on to detail a few behavioral challenges. 28 May, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-109.php Background: Dismembered human remains are frequently found in cases of mass disasters and criminal mutilation. Therefore, it is of great importance to use foot dimensions for the determination of sex (gender) of an individual in order to assist in establishing personal identity. This study focused on sexual dimorphism using the anthropometric measurements of foot in adult Oyemekun ethnic population in Akure, Southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study population consists of randomly selected 500 adult subjects (250 males, 250 females) aged 18-50 years without any foot disability within Akure North and South Local Government, Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. After explaining the purpose and procedure of the survey and obtaining an informed consent from each participant, the foot length and foot breadth of both foot were measured using an osteometric board, recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. 11 May, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-108.php The allelopathic effect of different concentrations of rice husk residues (Vigna unguiculata L.) was investigated with a view to determining its effect on the growth and field of four cowpea varieties. The results indicated that the extracts at 40g brought about considerable inhibition in the morphological parameters studied including plant height, stem girth, number of branches, number of leaves, and leaf area irrespective of the stages of development than the extracts at 40g concentration. The extracts had significant effect on the plant height of variety 4 (NGB/06/0055) at 40g relative to the control. This was also observed for the stem girth and number of branches of cowpea in variety 3 (NGB/06/1642) at 40g concentration thereby indicating that the degrees of inhibition were concentration dependent. It was apparent that rice husk residues at 40g concentration had more inhibitory effect on the yield of cowpea than at 20g concentration level. Variety 4 had the highest number of seeds per plant (147) while the least was recorded in variety 3 (44) relative to the control. 19 Apr, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-107.php Phage display technology is one of the methods widely adopted for the production of human monoclonal antibodies. The subject of the present research was the scFv - single chain variable fragment antibody - which was able to recognize the D2-5-HT1A heteromer formed by dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors. The antibody was selected using the phage display technique and the human antibody scFv phagemid library Tomlinson J. We investigated two expression systems: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The results indicate that both of these systems (E.coli HB2151 and High Five cells (BTI-TN-5B1-4) of Trichopulsia ni) are suitable for the production of scFv antibodies, but the scFvs obtained from insect cells could attain a higher protein concentration. Next, we examined a few purification methods: immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), affinity chromatography with the c-myc tag and the methods using protein L or A agarose, which are applicable to scFvs lacking tags. In the bacterial as well as insect cell expression systems, protein L agarose chromatography gave satisfactory results, and in our opinion, it is the best choice as a purification resin. Additionally, circular dichroism measurements confirmed the predominant content of secondary structures in the tested antibodies, which is consistent with the literature data. 29 Mar, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-106.php Background: Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumach et. Thonn. (Family: Verbenaceae) and Phyllanthus fraternus Schum. and Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) are used as food grains protectants among resource poor farmers, nevertheless there is dearth of experimental data on the possible toxicity of such stored food grains if consumed. The toxic effects were considered by quantifying liver and kidney enzymes such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, creatinine and urea respectively. Purpose of the study: This study evaluates the influence of C. capitatum hexane extract and P. fraternus ethyl acetate extract on likely alterations of renal and hepatic functions using some biochemical parameters. 04 Jan, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-3-105.php Background: Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to cause distinct neurotoxic effects in adult and newborn animals. This study was designed to investigate some of the effects caused by cadmium on the lateral geniculate body of adult male wistar rats and the ameliorative properties of antioxidants present in Moringa oleifera seed oil and walnut oil extracts. 28 Nov, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-2-104.php 28 Jul, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-2-103.php Pesticides are beneficial in reducing the loss cause by insect infestation on grains but its toxicity and persistence in the environment is of health concern. Cereal grains preserved with insecticide are considered to be good for consumption if it’s active content substances of insecticide do not exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs). 15 Sep, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-1-102.php Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Most epidemiological studies show that calcium deficiency is common in the menopausal women. The aim of our work is to evaluate the calcium intake in the Moroccan menopausal women. 08 Feb, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/JBM-1-101.php Plasma-derived medicines in Morocco have been of great demand, and often on a short supply. Moroccan Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) formulation is still using sugar as stabilizer, while some other industries are discontinuing sugar and currently using amino acid as stabilizer.