https://www.biolscigroup.us/journals/annals-of-marine-science A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 03 Dec, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-149.php Levels of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cd) in five commercial fish species collected from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, mainly Pomadasys argenteus, Aprion virescens, Valamugil sehli, Epinephelus areolatus and Thunnus tonggol were measured to assess contamination and health risks. The flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method was adopted for measuring all selected elements. The results showed that variations in heavy metal concentrations within the muscle tissues of the examined fish were mainly attributed to the geochemical nature of beach deposits rather than anthropogenic input. All muscle samples analyzed had concentrations of Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd below the standards reported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Thus it was concluded that the investigated heavy metals do not present an environmental hazard for the present time. Cd, Ni, and Pb are harmful and cause cancer diseases. 17 Oct, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-148.php This research develops an advanced AI-based smart proxy model to significantly enhance the prediction of oil rates and the monitoring of crucial operational parameters such as temperature and pressure in oil field pipeline management. By integrating real-time data from Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM) with sophisticated simulation outputs, the study introduces a dual-model approach that overcomes the limitations of traditional methods, improving both efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Model 1 employs high-precision real-time MPFM data to provide accurate oil rate predictions. By focusing on critical control points within expansive pipeline networks, this model strategically reduces dependency on extensive MPFM deployment, achieving substantial cost reductions while maintaining rigorous measurement standards. The incorporation of real-time data ensures immediate responsiveness to operational changes, facilitating accurate and reliable insights essential for effective pipeline management. Model 2 utilizes an AI-driven smart proxy to refine the outputs of conventional flow simulators such as OLGA. This model addresses computational challenges including high runtime and numerical convergence issues by selecting the most reliable and accurate simulation outputs. It provides rapid and dependable insights into flow dynamics, supporting timely operational decisions and proactive management that enhance the safety and efficiency of pipeline networks. The integration of Model 1 and Model 2 ensures localized precision and extends analytical capabilities across the entire pipeline network, significantly enhancing predictive accuracy. This harmonized approach not only sets new standards for flow assurance and pipeline management but also illustrates the transformative impact of AI on operational strategies in the hydrocarbon sector. 12 Oct, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-147.php Taking into account the long-term (2020-2050) Energy Strategy of Romania, and the Integrated National Plan in the Energy and Climate Changing 2021-2030, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, utilizing the industrial partners, will conduct the applied industrial research to provide in the National Grid a clean energy, by harmonics mitigation. This paper deals with the Shunt Active Power solution to efficiently mitigate the current harmonics within the national power grid. Both numerical and experimental results are presented in this paper. The results of this paper are obtained by the beneficiary and the industrial partner of the „Knowledge transfer regarding the increase of energy efficiency and intelligent power systems” project, acronym CRESC-INTEL, within the POC Competitiveness Operational Program. The obtained results of this project will conduct one innovation-based ecosystem in the European Union research and technological development field. Innovative static power types of equipment ensure an increased energy efficiency of the power system with a high power factor. Based on the obtained prototype, a mass production of the innovative static power equipment will be delivered to the specific market, by complying with the available power quality standards. In this way, based on the static power equipment series production, by considering alternative power ranges, harmonic cleaning of the national grid is obtained. 24 Aug, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-146.php The main abiotic factor influencing the formation and variability of the bioproductivity characteristics of the waters of the South China Sea (SCS), as well as the distribution and migration of tuna, is the water temperature. The impact of other abiotic factors is less significant. The Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries of Vietnam has carried out many years of work to assess the influence of various characteristics of water temperature on changes in bioproductivity parameters, but the patterns of their interannual variability have not been identified. Also, the problem of constructing fish catch models depending on the determining factors remained completely unexplored, and even more so, the development of a forecasting method, which is extremely important when planning a fishery. In this paper, for the first time, an attempt is made to identify the role of various characteristics of water temperature on the parameters of bioproductivity of waters of the South China Sea. A statistical model of tuna catch has been created depending on economic and oceanological factors. 14 Jun, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-145.php Eelgrass meadows are vital not only for sustaining marine biodiversity as marine ecosystems but also for carbon fixation as blue carbon. However, the national decline in eelgrass meadows in Japan, which was initiated by economic growth in the 1980s, prompted the implementation of conservation measures. This study explored the fundamental techniques of the sediment environment to enhance Zostera marina seed germination rates. We investigated the microbial origin of Zostera marina seeds under anaerobic conditions and assessed their germination efficiency. Anaerobic sediments in the eelgrass meadows were found to increase eelgrass germination rate by 6% more than aerobic sediments. And interestingly, the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrionaceae and Sulfurospirillaceae were detected mainly on eelgrass seeds. Our result clearly indicated that the sulfate-reducing bacteria around Zostera marina seeds create anaerobic conditions that promote germination through their sulfate-reducing function. Therefore, when developing new eelgrass meadows, it can be expected to improve germination rates by preparing the sediment environment to facilitate the increase of SRB coexisting with seeds. However, the difference in bottom sediment conditions varies by region, so it is necessary to be careful when adding or removing something. In addition, germination and growth of eelgrass must be considered separately, and factors that promote growth are not described in this work. The result of this study was an important finding for the implementation of Blue Carbon activities to improve sediment quality prior to the creation of eelgrass meadows and can also support eelgrass meadows maintenance after establishment. 13 Jun, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-144.php Groynes have been part of the coastal appearance for centuries, helping prevent coastal erosion resulting from the littoral drift of material with prevailing sea currents. Whilst the use of rock groynes increased during the late 20th Century, the use of timber still remains the material of choice. Their performance depends upon the timber species used, and often sections are suitable for re-use. Assessment of the replacement of groyne fields in Bournemouth, United Kingdom appears to show the suitability of certain species to be re-used. Results indicated that ekki was the most suitable species for re-use, closely followed by greenheart. 30 May, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-143.php The fluorescence after histochemical reactions for biogenic amines of the fish larva of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus ponticus L.) from the Black Sea has been analysed as possible methodical testing of the stage of development and vitality. The purpose of the study is to use their testing in ecological monitoring resources of the sea reservation and fishery. The histochemical staining for dopamine, histamine, and serotonin permitted us to estimate the state of the single larva based on their fluorescence. Observers may see the internal structure of the larva cell tissues under the excitation of ultraviolet, violet, and green light. This approach should be recommended for practice in the industrial fishery. as possible testing of this stage of development and state in the ichthyoplankton system. 07 Mar, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-142.php The autofluorescence of fish eggs from the Black Sea Mullus barbatus ponticus Essipov was studied in order to identify the state of their fertilization and development in the ichthyoplankton. The study differed from the earlier genetic fish investigations with artificial fluorescent dyes. In our experiments, among the eggs were the objects with various stages of development: from unfertilized and just-fertilized cells emitted in blue to well-seen embryos that fluoresced in red. Red-fluorescing embryonal probes were peculiar to living eggs, unlike blue-fluorescing cells with damaged structures. The fluorescent method (luminescence microscopy with or without microspectrofluorimetry) allows us to identify the earlier stages of development of the fish eggs. The autofluorescence of the fish eggs of the species studied was possible to recommend for the testing of fertilized and living eggs at the early stages of development that may be applied to the fish industry in the future. 10 Jan, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-8-141.php For the physical and geographical conditions of the African continent, it is more acceptable to simplify the runoff formation model by adapting to the relatively poorly studied long-term river flow regime of North Africa. The solution to the problems is based on the methodology of partially infinite modeling, developed in Russia and used in countries of Latin America and Africa with hot climates. 16 Dec, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-140.php The rate from alongshore sediment transport in the surf zone depends on the product of the local wave height and mean alongshore current speed. The aim of this article was to predict the alongshore sediment transport rate using a semi-empirical application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on the south coast of the Caspian Sea. This study reports the measurements of the alongshore sediment transport rate performed in the surf zone of the Noor coastal area located in the southern part of the Caspian Sea from September 2011 to June 2012. Further, alongshore sediment transport rates have been estimated by different famous semi-empirical formulas. On the other hand, an artificial neural network model was trained using three predominant parameters of sediment transport formulas including wave-breaking height (Hb), surf zone width (W), and alongshore current velocity (V). ANN models were able to show hidden laws of natural phenomena such as the sediment transport process. The results of ANN and some sediment transport rate formulas concerning alongshore sediment transport rate were compared with corresponding measured values. 10 Oct, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-139.php Tidal waves modulated over a range of timescales, from inter-daily to inter-annual variations, are responsible for coastal flooding which is enhanced in tide-river environments. The research described here investigates the tidal dynamics interacting with the fluvial component in the Seine estuary (NE France), an excellent natural laboratory for its time-varying flow and the available water-level records provided by tide gauges along the estuary. The tidal signal has been analyzed together with the river discharge during 25 years (1990-2015) in the Seine Bay, including the estuary and the marine tides at Cherbourg, by the use of a series of spectral and physical approaches. The main results highlighted that the tidal modulation is basically induced by the time changes of the harmonic components of M2, S2, N2, and K2 with significant shifts in the middle of the estuary. The estuary takes a flood-dominant behavior when the deformation of tides increases in the river section during the period 1999-2002 with an interaction between the high variability of tidal range and the extreme river discharge. This opposite effect of the river and its resistance is enhanced under higher tidal flow velocity; which increases the water depth and reduces the hydraulic head and the tidal amplification factor in a low turbid estuary. This work carried out in the framework of the SWOT 3MC research program, gives some insights into the complex behavior of tidal propagation in the Seine estuary and its non-stationary dynamics close to the river effects in response to extreme sea levels leading to coastal flooding. 13 Jul, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-138.php Tilapia jipe (Oreochromis jipe) is listed as a critically endangered Cichlidae endemic to fast-shrinking Lake Jipe. Climate change and anthropogenic activities have significantly impacted the lakes’ ecology and species’ genetic integrity. Four months of Jipe tilapia culture growth performance was conducted in four selected farms within the Chala area, Taveta Sub-County of Taita Taveta County along the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro’s Kenya side. The study assessed the growth performance of 3rd generation mixed-sex Oreochromis jipe under aquaculture conditions. Fish sampling was done monthly to assess the growth performance of fingerlings stocked at an average weight of 5 ± 0.02 g and a stocking density of 5/m3. Total weight ranged between 123.72 g, and 74.70 g from the entire growth trial sample population. The highest and the least mean weight gains recorded were 108.87 ± 4.31g and 87.12 ± 4.40g for Farm B and D respectively. Similarly, farm B recorded the highest mean length (18.80 ± 0.27) while farm C recorded the least (17.31 ± 0.25) with no significant difference between the selected farms. Water quality parameters were within the normally acceptable tilapia culture ranges. The study findings indicated a negative allometric growth (b &lt; 3) for all farms except Farm A. All growth trials demonstrated a good Condition factor (K) with a range of 1.82 to 2.19. The present study concluded that O. jipe has the potential for aquaculture and species genetic conservation and restocking due to its ease of propagation. The study recommends further G x E breeding program strategies, nutritional and general management studies, and a policy limiting genetic material transfer from its catchment. 21 Jun, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-137.php The present paper investigates the stages of the microstructure and texture evolution in non-oriented electrical silicon steels by means of magnetic measurements and metallographic analysis. The goal of this work was to study temperature effects and their influence on grain growth processes in non-oriented electrical steels while being subjected to different annealing conditions and to clarify the mechanism of grain boundary motion during annealing. It is important to study the development of texture and grain size in electrical steel samples along the entire production line chain (hot rolling, cold rolling, and final annealing), as both are affected by each processing stage. The lack of magnetic data dependent on the operating temperature of non-oriented electrical steels makes it impossible to accurately design high-power motors (e.g., propulsion systems in ships) or generators that are to operate at high temperatures. The correlation of magnetic properties with the microstructure of electrical steels can yield important information about their suitability for various substrates and marine applications. In addition, it can potentially non-destructively define both the annealing stage and the preferred crystallographic growth pattern in single-phase ferritic steels, which affect the performance and longevity of the electromagnetic devices in which these are used. 15 Jun, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-136.php The anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has influenced the pH values of the oceans’ surface. Observations show that for several decades, the surface pH value is declining with a simultaneously rising CO2 concentration. It is an important question to understand to what extent this process is reversible. Hence, in this study, the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure from 1850 to 2020 is derived from the chemical composition of the seawater, the mass action law, Henry’s law, and published literature data on the relevant equilibrium constants. A single exponential relaxation or equilibration time τ = 52 ± 10 years (or half-time of 36 ± 7 years) accounts for the anthropogenic perturbation due to emissions. The model is based on reversible mechanisms and simultaneously represents the atmospheric CO2 volume fraction with a standard deviation of 7 ppm and the oceans’ surface pH values. Projections until 2100 for various emissions include the possibility of recovery within decades. 05 May, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-135.php The ground state dioxygen has a triplet spin state O2(X3Σg). The singlet excited O2(a1Δg) dioxygen possesses an excess energy of 22 kcal/mole and is highly reactive with respect to organic matter since all organic molecules have also singlet ground states with all spins paired; their reactions with O2(a1Δg) are not forbidden by spin selection. The chromophoric pollutants in sea waters under sun irradiation can generate O2(a1Δg) and other reactive oxygen species which could oxidase many wastes. This review describes mechanisms of O2(a1Δg) interaction with organic pollutants in seawater with black carbon dispersion and with corals. 22 Apr, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-134.php Aquaculture is perceived as masculine work in most regions despite several years of women’s involvement in the sector. Women participate in almost all activities of the aquaculture value chain such as pond construction, sorting of seeds, fertilization of ponds, making and mending of fishing gears, fish harvesting, processing, value addition, transport, and marketing. The majority of women engage in aquaculture to earn income and food for the household. Women’s involvement in aquaculture has led to the creation of more job opportunities thus increasing income generation for rural women. Nevertheless, women face several challenges in aquaculture with the most critical one being limited access to income despite their heavy involvement. They also lack limited access to certified seed, high cost of feeds, and collaterals to access credit. The promotion of aquaculture, gender equity, and empowerment of women and youths has been promoted through various initiatives including Sustainable Development Goals and Blue Economy. However, gender discrepancies are still high despite both gender playing fundamental roles in aquaculture development. Therefore, there is a need to promote gender equity as it will lead to recognition of their full potential towards increasing production, productivity, processing, trade, and economic growth. 04 Apr, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-133.php An innovative idea of exploiting huge solar energy in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean using wind-sailing mega-solar rafts is reviewed to emphasize its great potential for human renewable energy resources besides currently promoted offshore wind energy. The basic technologies including energy-transportation are already available but necessary to be developed commercially viable. It will also promote the peaceful use of open seas in the Pacific Ocean for a truly sustainable world instead of military confrontations. 31 Mar, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-132.php Orca whales, also known as killer whales, are highly social and intelligent animals that have captured the public’s fascination for decades. However, the use of orca whales in marine parks and aquariums for human entertainment has sparked controversy about their welfare and ethical considerations. Captive breeding programs have been developed for several marine species, including orca whales, to ensure their survival. However, captive orca reproduction is a contentious topic due to the potential health and welfare concerns for the animals. In this scientific essay, we review the reproductive biology of orca whales in captivity, the health and welfare concerns associated with captivity, and the ethical considerations of keeping these intelligent and social animals in captivity for human entertainment. Our review highlights the need for continued research to improve the welfare of captive orcas and the conservation efforts of wild populations. 21 Mar, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-131.php Water bodies such as dams are an essential part of the ecosystems and the Apodu dam, a Local Government Area of Kwara State supplies water for the populace of Malete. The water is used for both domestic and agricultural purposes. Given the proposed rural development in the catchment area of the Apodu dam, it becomes imperative therefore to do extensive biomonitoring of the dam before the development begins so as to determine the likely source of pollution in the dam as well as determine the health of the dam. Ten samples of both water and plants were collected at different sampling points designated as A-J. The samples collected were digested and analyzed using standard techniques. Data generated from the research were subjected to T-test to determine whether there is a significant variation in the two sets of data. The parameters examined fall within the permissible level of standards set by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Total hardness (TH) was 88.00-128.80 mg/l, pH 6.60-6.80, Total dissolved solids (TDSS) 242.00-420.00 mg/l, Electrical conductivity 102.32-103.39 µs cm, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 3.47-3.53 mg/l, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 104.00-168.00 mg/l and Dissolved oxygen (DO) 3.47- 3.53 mg/l. The lower concentration of DO is an indication of high water quality and this is advantageous for aquatic life as it suggests that there is less decomposition of foreign materials. In conclusion, high potential for an increasingly detrimental impact on the water quality resulting from increased anthropogenic activities especially if the proposed developments commence is imminent. 19 Jan, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-7-130.php Introduction: Epidemiological study of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and the improvement of the organizational capabilities of medical care at all stages of its provision plays an important role in forecasting and social and labor rehabilitation of the sailing crew. Planning the development of the neurosurgical service of port hospitals is impossible without knowing the structure of TBI, both in severity and sectoral, occupational and territorial prevalence. Materials and methods: The analysis of the treatment of 92 patients from members of the vessel`s crew who received industrial TBI with a disability while performing voyage tasks in the northern water basin was carried out. When working on the material, analytical and statistical methods were used. The significance of differences was calculated using a t-test for independent samples. Results: In the general structure of traumatism of the studied contingent of the members of the vessel`s crew, TBI accounted for 4.1% of cases, while in the territorial population, they reach 30.0% - 40.0%. Most of the victims worked in the transport fleet of the northern water basin - 68.7% (9.4), while in the fishing fleet - 17.2% (3.3) and the river fleet - 14.1% (4.6). Command staff: navigators (10.5), captains (10.1), chiefs of radio stations (7.4), skippers (6.8), as well as boatswains (27.8), who are responsible for organizing and conducting deck operations, receive TBI 4.0 - 2.5 times more often than rank-and-file personnel. This distribution becomes easy to understand if we take into account that 43.4% of the damage was sustained during the performance of ship operations related to movement on ladders and decks, in the engine room, and their hasty execution by the supervisors in the absence of safety precautions leads to severe TBI. The members of the vessel`s crew receive them several times less often when performing loading and unloading operations (0.9), closing holds (0.4), mooring, and servicing deck mechanisms (0.2 each). The probability of getting TBI is especially high during the first three years of work in the specialty (34.8% of all injuries). With an increase in work experience, injuries decrease by more than 1.4 times among workers with 15 years of work experience. Every third TBI (36.5%) on ships is associated with a fall of the victim from a height, that is, it is a catatrauma. All injuries arise from collisions with blunt objects. Discussion: Every twenty-fifth work-related injury with loss of ability to work, sustained by the members of the vessel`s crew of the northern water basin, while performing ship operations, is a TBI. The minimum knowledge required for shipboard crew members, and ship managers to suspect this life-threatening condition, is given during an injury first aid session that is required by the ship’s medical officer. Conclusion: 1. In the general structure of industrial injuries of the studied contingent of the members of the vessel`s crew, TBI accounted for 4.1% of cases, while in the territorial population, they reach 30.0% - 40.0%. The incidence of TBI in men from among the members of ve+-ssel`s crew is only 1.5 times higher than in women and is the highest in people under 20 years of age (4.8%; 11.0). 2. Most of the victims worked in the transport fleet of the northern water basin - 68.7% (9.4), while in the fishing fleet - 17.2% (3.3) and river - 14.1% (4.6). The members of the vessel`s crew receive them several times less often when performing loading and unloading operations (0.9), closing holds (0.4), mooring, and servicing deck mechanisms (0.2 each). Every third TBI (36.5%) on ships is associated with a fall of the victim from a height, that is, it is a catatrauma. 3. TBI, accompanied by a concussion, in the northern basin accounts for up to two-thirds of all head injuries, of which 69.5% fall on the most able-bodied and productive age of workers (20-39 years). Concussions occur 4 times more often in the transport fleet than in the fishing and river fleet. Sailors and minders make up 44.3% of the victims. Falls from a height onto decks, mooring lines, into the hold, or overboard were the cause of 78.5% of concussions. 4. Mild brain contusions are a rarer pathology and occur mainly in transport and fishing fleets with rank-and-file personnel during falls from a height. 5. Brain contusions of moderate and severe degrees occur only in the transport fleet in the youngest men: in every second case, the patients were 20-29 years old. Every third victim is a sailor, every sixth is a minder. A severe degree of brain injury was more often observed in persons who received TBI while servicing deck mechanisms, moving along ladders, and mooring operations. More than half of them are associated with falls from a height. 27 Dec, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-6-129.php Recently smart materials play an important role in different aspects of the industry due to their specific characteristics. The properties of these materials can change spontaneously in interaction with the immediate surrounding without any external power consumption. Phase change materials are a great division of smart materials with considerable capacity to absorb and release thermal energy during the phase change process. They can also handle temperature regulations since the phase change process occurs at a constant temperature. The implementation of PCMs is one of the potential passive cooling strategies which has received increasing attention in recent years. This paper aims to briefly review the various types of PCMs which can be used for passive cooling in buildings. 17 Nov, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-6-128.php This paper presents aspects of underwater cultural heritage management in Greece, focusing mainly on accessibility to the diving community and the general public. More specifically, it discusses different approaches to the protection and enhancement of Underwater Archaeological Sites, already put into practice over the last years (2018-2021) by the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities, the public service of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports responsible for the management of underwater heritage. Moreover, it analyses the aspirations for the future, as these took shape already at the beginning of 2021. Lately, cultural management has turned into a fast-growing sector with multilevel developmental prospects. In order to tap into the underwater cultural heritage potential, we must always take into consideration the identity and special characteristics of each underwater site as well as the different possibilities of access — physical or virtual — that are rapidly changing because of new technological achievements. All these parameters affect significantly decision making and the undertaking of relevant initiatives. Examples of the pilot implementation of the opening of underwater archaeological/cultural sites to the public will be presented. Through them, preliminary conclusions concerning the efficacy of the selected managerial approaches can be drawn, while at the same time domains where more should be done will be highlighted. 17 Aug, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-6-127.php This paper is an overview of the main characteristics of Sardina on the Moroccan Atlantic coast. Sardine occupies an important place in the socio-economic context of Morocco and is the main species exploited on Moroccan coasts. It is the most important species in terms of catches and biomass. The small pelagic stocks in the area are exceptional wealth and as many opportunities in an international context, marked both by the scarcity of the resource and the need to make the sea c contribute more to food security and economic growth. The aim of this work is the study some features of S. pilchardus in the Moroccan waters. 19 Apr, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-6-126.php Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are herbivores with longer coiled intestines compared to carnivores; mouth characteristics necessary for plant shredding. Hence, several studies have been conducted to replace feed ingredients in the diet of Nile tilapia considering the increasing cost. In this study, Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was evaluated as a potential feed ingredient for Nile tilapia. A six months feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of water spinach fish feed composition on the performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Five diets were formulated containing 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% water spinach composition. Each treatment was carried out in triplicate using 30 Nile tilapia juveniles per replicate with an initial mean weight of 2±1g. The fish were fed at 5% body weight twice per day. Water quality monitoring was done every morning before feeding. There was no significant (p > 0.05) variation in water quality parameters between all the treatments. The best growth performance was recorded from a fish-fed 5% diet (180.49±0.83 g), while fish fed with a 20% diet had poor growth performance (128.98± 0.80g). The highest SGR was obtained in fish fed with a 5% diet (1.34±0.05) while the lowest was obtained in fish fed with a 20% diet (1.09±0.05). Except for SGR, WG, FL, and FW, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in other growth parameters of all the treatments. Final weight had a significant difference as determined by One-Way ANOVA (F (4,316) =6.363, P=0.00) between 15% and 20% water spinach composition compared to 5% water spinach composition. Therefore, 5% water spinach composition had the best growth performance. 17 Aug, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-5-125.php Climate change-induced bleaching is a serious threat to coral reefs worldwide. In recent years, the number of repeated extensive bleaching events has increased globally. Here, we present four consecutive bleaching events and post-bleaching mortalities from four sites on Hormuz and Larak Islands, Iran, in the Persian Gulf from 2014 to 2017. The high thermotolerance of the corals and their endosymbiotic algae and the strong water currents and sites’ turbidity could not protect the majority of the corals against bleaching. Back-to-back bleaching events left almost no unbleached coral colony at any site by 2017. Despite that, coral mortality did not increase at the sites of Hormuz Island that may be a sign of the fast recovery of the Persian Gulf corals after each bleaching event. However, the abundance of coral colonies with 81%-100% mortality at the sites of Larak Island that was constantly minimal in the first three years significantly increased in 2017. Considering bleaching and mortality responses, and abundance dynamics of the coral genera at the study sites, it seems that Dipsastraea at the southwest of Larak Island was a short-term winner; despite facing widespread moderate bleaching (i.e., < 50> 50 of a colony was bleached), there was a non-significant 27% reduction in its abundance. Dipsastraea at the north of Larak Island also survived in the first three years, but > 66% of its colonies showed 81%–100% mortality in 2017. Such findings warn that the aforementioned successes by corals are unlikely to persist under annual severe bleaching as is predicted for coming decades. 31 Mar, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-5-124.php Pseudotolithus typus has been considered to hold great promise for fish farming in Africa, the fish having a wide geographical spread, a high growth rate, resistance to handling stress and well appreciated in a wide number of African countries. Studying its feeding habit, which is an important aspect of its biology, is a crucial knowledge needed for its mass cultivation by fish farmers and also its implication for its management in the wild. The main objective of the study was to investigate the food items and feeding activities of Pseudotolithus typus in the Lagos lagoon, Nigeria. A total of 93 specimens were collected and transported in ice-packed container to the wet laboratory of the Department of Biological Oceanography, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR) for further examination. These specimens were usually collected during early hour of the morning. Specimens were weighed with Camry model EK5350 of 5kg capacity to the nearest 0.10 g after blotting dry with filter paper Specimens were dissected and the gut were carefully removed with the aid of a forceps after dissection. Stomach and gut contents were examined and the individual food organisms sorted and counting the number of each food item present in the gut and stomach of the species and summing up these numbers to obtain the grand number of all food items in its guts. The number of non-empty guts divided by total number of guts examined, multiply by hundred was used to determine the guts repletion index. Index of fullness was measured as the ratio of food weight to body weight as an index of fullness. The sampling methods were season stratified.Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant differences accepted at P &lt; 0.05 using statistical package (SPSS version 14). The diet of Pseudotolithus typus was also analyzed. Frequency of occurrence, numerical abundance and Gut repletion index, stomach fullness were computed. The major dietary components of the species were shrimps. The food composition of P. typus shows seasonal variation with Bivalves conspicuously absent during the dry season. The frequency of occurrence of items in order of abundance revealed crustaceans (Peaneus notialis, Parapenaeopsis longirostrics and unidientified digested shrimps) followed undigested partly digested food items and less common items. The diet composition of the Pseudotolithus typhus indicates they are specialised feeders depending on similar food sources with minimum number of dietary prey items. Shrimps and to some extent juvenile fishes constitute the important preys of Pseudotolithus typhus. Therefore the revolution of the abundance of food items must be assessed for their sustainable production and the extent of pollution in Lagos lagoon should be assessed due to the absence of bivalves(during the dry season) which are bio-indictors of pollutant to know what management strategies and control measures are to be taken. 29 May, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-4-123.php Introduction: Mooring operations on modern vessels remain one of the least mechanized types of work. Mooring injuries are characterized by a particularly gross violation of soft tissues and bones. Materials and methods: The analysis of the treatment of 224 patients from members of crew who received occupational injuries while mooring the vessels while performing voyages in the northern water basin. When working on the material, analytical and statistical methods were used. The significance of differences was calculated using Student’s t-criteria for independent samples. 26 May, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-4-122.php The results of the present study describe the molecular identification of Lymphocystis Disease Viral partial genome (LCDV-Sa) and histopathology in skin nodules and internal organs of Tunisian gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). 13 Mar, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-4-121.php Parasitoids are responsible for reducing the populations of insects that proliferate on various substrates. Evaluation of these species for natural control over these insects is important for enabling studies that aim towards subsequent selection of species for use in biological control programs. This manuscript consists of the elaboration of a bibliographic summary of the parasitoids of Parasitica Hymenoptera) collected in aquatic environments. A bibliographic research was carried out that contained published works on the following aspects: The conservative, Parasitic Hymenoptera characteristics, main superfamilies and families and studies carried out and main genera or species, from November 2019 to January 2020. All species of aquatic parasitoids belong to the order Hymenoptera. 05 Mar, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-4-120.php The optimum range of water is very important to determine the quality of water found in ocean and river. Standard is range is very crucial for researchers to know the absolute status of the ocean and river water quality [1-3]. Ocean and river are being polluted day by day. Industrialization, urbanization, oil dumping, and other development activities are responsible for this water quality deterioration. 30 Jan, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-4-119.php Analysis of vitamin B12 in sea water is laborious, time consuming, and often requires storage of relatively large-volume water samples. Alleviating these major limitations will increase the throughput of samples and, as a consequence, improve our understanding of the distribution and role of vitamin B12 in the oceans. Previous studies have indicated that target analyte recovery is negatively affected at flow rates exceeding 1mLmin-1 using home-made C18 Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridges. In this study, the effect of flow rate on recovery of vitamin B12 was tested across a range of flow rates between 1 and 37mLmin-1 using a commercial SPE cartridge containing surface-modified styrene divinylbenzene. Recovery of vitamin B12 at flow rates up to the maximum rate tested did not statistically differ from 1mLmin-1. A second study was conducted to determine whether storage of the SPE cartridges at -20°C had a negative impact on vitamin B12 recovery. Recovery of vitamin B12 from SPE cartridges stored up to 13days did not differ from unfrozen SPE cartridges. These data suggest that rapid extraction and cold storage of vitamin B12 on commercial SPE cartridges does not negatively affect recovery and offers an economical alternative to field studies. 29 Jan, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-4-118.php The formation of the coastal plain of the Brazilian sea is mainly due to the fluctuation of relative sea level in the past. Armação dos Buzios or simply Buzios is a municipality in the microregion of lakes, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In this region there is a lowland area about two meters above current sea level. This lowland area is also known as coastal plain of Una River. It is expected that during the Holocene period the sea level reached a maximum about 2.5 meters above the current level. During that time billions of mollusks lived and proliferated in the shallow waters around the coastal plain of the Una River. As they died their shells formed a layer in the soil including Malhada Marsh that belongs to the Una River plain. In this study, shells were collected from this region and dated using the techniques of Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Ages from 2480±130 to 4490±270 years were obtained. Radiocarbon dating were performed at the Beta Analytic Lab, USA for comparison with the EPR results. Shells ages obtained are compatible with geological data from the Holocene period relative to past sea level fluctuations. 25 Jan, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-4-117.php In Tupi, the word Sambaqui means “mound of shells”. These archaeological sites are cultural vestiges left by the prehistoric occupation of the Brazilian coast from five to six thousand years ago. Mollusks, fishes, and other marine edible foods were important for the survival of this population. The remains of foods, mainly shells, were heaped up, giving a mound of different proportions, which became part of the landscape of the Brazilian coastal plain. Due to the large number of Sambaquis in Brazil and considering that Sambaqui Santa Marta II, Laguna, SC, has not yet been dated, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements were performed in aragonite shells collected from different layers of Sambaqui Santa Marta II, starting from the base to the center of the Sambaqui. Radiocarbon analysis by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at Beta Analytic laboratory were also performed for comparison with ESR results. Before measurements, shells were chemically etched, after drying, were pulverized and sieved. The sediments were separated into small portions which were irradiated with gamma radiation from a 60Co source with doses from 5 up to 120 Gy. Ages around 2,000 to 4,000 years have been obtained. The results obtained are consistent with the dates of others Sambaquis of the region, possibly were built at the same time. 10 Sep, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-3-116.php The present study was conducted in the Bakkhali river estuary, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh from September 2012 to July 2013. Percentage of protein was the main component of the biochemical composition in the mussels followed by carbohydrate, ash, and lipid. 09 Sep, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-3-115.php The Indian Sundarbans at the apex of Bay of Bengal in the lower Gangetic delta is extremely vulnerable to climate change induced Sea Level Rise (SLR). The SLR is more than 3.00 mm yr-1 due to which the intrusion of saline water in the island takes place. 27 Aug, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-3-114.php Parasitoids are important regulators of insect populations and stand out as the main group of natural enemies in agricultural systems. They are present in various orders of insects and their adaptation to a parasitic behavior is seen most diversely and abundantly in the order Hymenoptera [1]. 27 May, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-3-113.php The impacts of climate change are evident even at the most remote places on the planet. This is especially apparent on the isolated Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Anvers island, located on the WAP, has historically had low humidity and extremely low temperatures. Also, regular seasonality maintains equilibrium within the entire system, from which organisms evolved to match these climate patterns. However, recent studies on climate trends in the WAP show disturbances in the regularity of the seasons. Vaughan et al., [1], observed a warming rate during the winter months from 1991 to 2008 that was more intense than along any other studied location globally. Rising temperatures limit sea ice duration as melting occurs earlier. This warming event is altering habitat conditions, thus disrupting entire trophic systems from primary producers to top predators like Adélie penguins [2]. 16 Feb, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-3-112.php This paper studied the evolution of container traffic in the global world and its impacts on the seaports Maghreb region (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco). The containerization transformed the ports sector from one generation to another and developed the international trade between regions. The descriptive analysis realized in this study shows the interested impact of containerization in the global world specially the Asian ports which have attracted more benefits from the containerization. While, the status of Maghreb seaports is covered by several challenges. Thus, the weakness of the maritime infrastructure is the main lack for the three countries. 29 Dec, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-2-111.php The new stage of development of the Northern Sea Route, the only highway connecting the subarctic and arctic regions of the Russian Federation, involves the development of a transport system, the complex of which includes all the rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean. Despite the large number and vastness of the river basins in the Russian Federation, their importance for the effective operation of the country’s economy, the problem of preventing traumatism of the members of vessel`s crew of the river transport fleet was reflected in research by a small number of practitioners, individual scientists and medical research teams. 29 Oct, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-2-110.php Vibriosis has caused great economic losses to marine aquaculture with high mortality worldwide. Guangxi province is an important cultured center for tropical marine fi sh species in South China. However, no research focused on epidemiological characterization of vibriosis in golden pompano aquaculture in Guangxi province have been carried out. 31 Jul, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-2-109.php Lichens are powerful biomonitor of airborne pollution around point sources or long range transport because they are perennial allowing bioindication at long period. The element concentrations in foliose and fruticose lichen species from Potter Peninsula located in 25 de Mayo (King George) Island is reported. The coefficient of the variation for most of the elements was up to 50% except for as and Br, K and Se. The Principal Component Analysis showed differences among sampling sites according to human activities respect to the special protected areas. Aluminium, Cr, Hg, Pb and Se concentrations are linked local waste burning, global inputs, and the melt-water processes, while Br and Se were associated with marine biogenic cycle. This information could be a valuable tool for future atmospheric studies. 13 Mar, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-2-108.php Members of vessel`s crew of transport and fi shing fl eets is a professional group of industrial workers contingent operating the important links of the economic mechanism of many types of industries. Loss of ability to work, disability, and in some cases may be fatal occupational traumas of members of vessel`s crew, determine the socio-hygienic and medical nature of the problem and its economic importance. 13 Sep, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-1-107.php The use of women’s labor in water transport is limited due to the specifi cs of production processes on vessels, the duration of fl ights, isolation from shore bases and families. Among the total contingent of members of vessel`s crew, women make up 10.7% - on transport marine up to 34.4% - on river transport vessels. 12 Jun, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-1-106.php Feeding ecology with prey preferences and fi sh growth of Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794) reared in low saline earthen polyculture ponds in Sundarbans were studied for 11th months during July, 2015 to June, 2016. 05 Jun, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-1-105.php The mangrove ecosystem in the lower Gangetic delta is one of the most biologically productive and taxonmically diverse ecosystems of the tropics, which is threatened by a variety of stressors. 13 Mar, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-1-104.php Pollution, fi shing effort and food availability are the main factors affecting the fi sh production from natural resources. 10 Feb, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-1-103.php The development of the fi shing fl eet is particularly important because of the need to provide the population with quality seafood. Specifi city of work of the fl oating crew of the fi shing fl eet is characterized by frequent changes of factors affecting the health status in general. 19 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-1-102.php The inorganic carbon dynamics and the CO2 fl ux of estuarine system are strongly infl uenced by the productivity and nutrient regime of water. This study provides full seasonal coverage of assessment of the physicochemical variables of Mahanadi estuary, mainly focusing on the carbonate system through the measurement of pH, Total Alkalinity (TA), 03 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/AMS-1-101.php The study was undertaken in the intertidal zone on the lee side of Heron Island cay (southern Great Barrier Reef) where there is a high density of branching corals. We investigated the influence of coral colony size on the diversity of damselfish species (Pomacentridae) associated with the branching corals.